Overview of the events of 2002 in science
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The year 2002 in science and technology involved some significant events
Astronomy and space science
Biology
- 18 April – New suborder of insects, Mantophasmatidae, announced.
- Publication of Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges edited by John N. A. Hooper and Rob W. M. Van Soest.[3][4][5][6]
Cartography
Computer science and cybernetics
Earth sciences
Mathematics
Palaeoarchaeology
Philosophy
Physics
- March 8 – Claims regarding bubble fusion, in which a table-top apparatus is reported as producing small-scale fusion in a liquid undergoing acoustic cavitation, are published.[9]
- May – Experimental discovery of a new type of radioactivity: the 2-protons radioactivity.[10][11]
Physiology and medicine
Technology
Awards
- Fields Prize in Mathematics: Laurent Lafforgue and Vladimir Voevodsky
- Nobel Prizes
- Chemistry
- Physics
- Raymond Davis Jr. (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA) and Masatoshi Koshiba (International Center for Elementary Particle Physics, University of Tokyo, Japan) "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos"
- Riccardo Giacconi (Associated Universities Inc., Washington, D.C., USA) "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"
- Medicine
- Turing Award: Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: Rudolf Trumpy
Deaths
- January 8 – Alexander Prokhorov (b. 1916), physicist.
- February 6 – Max Perutz (b. 1914), biologist.
- February 10 – Harold Furth (b. 1930), expert in plasma physics and nuclear fusion.
- February 24 – David Hawkins (b. 1913), philosopher of science and mathematics and science educator.
- February 26 – Helen Megaw (b. 1907), crystallographer.
- March 3 – Roy Porter (b. 1946), medical historian.
- April 9 – Leopold Vietoris (b. 1891), mathematician.
- April 18 – Thor Heyerdahl (b. 1914), explorer, led the Kon-Tiki expedition.
- May 2 – W. T. Tutte (b. 1917), mathematician and cryptanalyst.
- May 20 – Stephen Jay Gould (b. 1941), paleontologist/evolutionist.
- June 20 – Erwin Chargaff (b. 1905), biochemist.
- June 29 – Ole-Johan Dahl (b. 1931), computer scientist, invented concepts in object-oriented programming.
- June 30 – W. Maxwell Cowan (b. 1931), neuroanatomist.
- July 4 – Laurent Schwartz (b. 1915), mathematician.
- August 6 – Edsger Dijkstra (b. 1930), computer scientist.
- August 31 – George Porter (b. 1920), Nobel laureate in chemistry.
- September 6 – Orvan Hess (b. 1906), obstetrician.
- September 21 – Robert Lull Forward (b. 1932), science fiction author and physicist.
- September 29 – Giuliana Tesoro (b. 1921), Italian-American organic chemist
- October 18 – Nikolai Rukavishnikov (b. 1932), cosmonaut.
- November 2 – Charles Sheffield (b. 1935), science fiction author and physicist.
- November 11 – Esther Somerfeld-Ziskind (b. 1901), neurologist and psychiatrist.
References
- ^ Bosker, A. J. (2002-09-17). "Near-Earth Objects Pose Threat, General Says". Space Daily. Retrieved 2016-06-04.
- ^ Alfred, Randy (2009-09-25). "Mysterious Meteorite Dazzles Siberia". Wired. Retrieved 2016-06-04.
- ^ Kluwer/Plenum (New York) ISBN 0-306-47260-0 (2 vols.)
- ^ Berry, Lorraine (2003). "Soaking up the limelight". Nature. 421 (6925): 791. Bibcode:2003Natur.421Q.791B. doi:10.1038/421791a. S2CID 766377.
- ^ Pawlik, Joseph (2003-03-21). "Invertebrate Zoology: Sorting Sponges: a review". Science. 299 (5614): 1846b–1847. doi:10.1126/science.1082916. S2CID 85266676.
- ^ Chambers, Susan (2003). "Systema Porifera". Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 13 (5): 461–2. doi:10.1002/aqc.593.
- ^ "Cyborg study draws fire". BBC News. 2002-03-22. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
- ^ Dingledine, Roger (2002-09-20). "pre-alpha: run an onion proxy now!". or-dev (Mailing list). Retrieved 2008-07-17.
- ^ Taleyarkhan, R. P.; West, C. D.; Cho, J. S.; Lahey Jr., R. T.; Nigmatulin, R.; Block, R. C. (2002-03-08). "Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation". Science. 295 (1868): 1868–73. Bibcode:2002Sci...295.1868T. doi:10.1126/science.1067589. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11884748. S2CID 11405525. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
- ^ Giovinazzo, J.; Blank, B.; Chartier, M.; Czajkowski, S.; Fleury, A.; Lopez Jimenez, M. J.; Pravikoff, M. S.; Thomas, J.-C.; de Oliveira Santos, F.; Lewitowicz, M.; Maslov, V.; Stanoiu, M.; Grzywacz, R.; Pfützner, M.; Borcea, C. & Brown, B. A. (2002-08-19). "Two-Proton Radioactivity of F45en". Physical Review Letters. 89 (10): 102501. Bibcode:2002PhRvL..89j2501G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.102501. PMID 12225187.
- ^ Pfützner, M.; et al. (2002-05-28). "First evidence for the two-proton decay of 45Fe". The European Physical Journal A. 14 (3): 279–285. Bibcode:2002EPJA...14..279P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.183.4363. doi:10.1140/epja/i2002-10033-9. S2CID 120370209.
- ^ Hattar, Samer; et al. (2002). "Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells: architecture, projections, and intrinsic photosensitivity". Science. 295 (5557): 1065–70. Bibcode:2002Sci...295.1065H. doi:10.1126/science.1069609. PMC 2885915. PMID 11834834.
- ^ Berson, David M.; et al. (2002). "Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock". Science. 295 (5557): 1070–3. Bibcode:2002Sci...295.1070B. doi:10.1126/science.1067262. PMID 11834835. S2CID 30745140.
- ^ "Red wine 'protects from colds'". BBC News. 2002-05-14. Retrieved 2013-03-21.
- ^ Davies, H.; Bignell, G. R.; Cox, C.; Stephens, P.; Edkins, S.; Clegg, S.; Teague, J.; Woffendin, H.; Garnett, M. J.; Bottomley, W.; Davis, N.; Dicks, E.; Ewing, R.; Floyd, Y.; Gray, K.; Hall, S.; Hawes, R.; Hughes, J.; Kosmidou, V.; Menzies, A.; Mould, C.; Parker, A.; Stevens, C.; Watt, S.; Hooper, S.; Wilson, R.; Jayatilake, H.; Gusterson, B. A.; Cooper, C.; Shipley, J.; Hargrave, D.; Pritchard-Jones, K.; Maitland, N.; Chenevix-Trench, G.; Riggins, G. J.; Bigner, D. D.; Palmieri, G.; Cossu, A.; Flanagan, A.; Nicholson, A.; Ho, J. W.; Leung, S. Y.; Yuen, S. T.; Weber, B. L.; Seigler, H. F.; Darrow, T. L.; Paterson, H.; Marais, R.; Marshall, C. J.; Wooster, R.; Stratton, M. R.; Futreal, P. A. (June 2002). "Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer" (PDF). Nature. 417 (6892): 949–54. Bibcode:2002Natur.417..949D. doi:10.1038/nature00766. PMID 12068308. S2CID 3071547.
- ^ "Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003". World Health Organization. 2004. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
- ^ Smith, M. C. (2002). "Synthesis of mechanical networks: The inerter". IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. 47 (10): 1648–1662. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.227.7188. doi:10.1109/TAC.2002.803532.