South American land mammal age

Geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna
South American land mammal age is located in South America
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
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Locations of SALMA type localities
Pleistocene ages
Pliocene ages
Miocene ages
Oligocene ages
Eocene ages
Paleocene ages

The South American land mammal ages (SALMA) establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna beginning 64.5 Ma during the Paleocene and continuing through to the Late Pleistocene (0.011 Ma). These periods are referred to as ages, stages, or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained.[1]

The basic unit of measurement is the first/last boundary statement. This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another. If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon, then their age-range zones overlap.

Background

South America was an island continent for much of the Cenozoic, or the "Age of Mammals". As a result, its mammals evolved in their own unique directions, as Australia and Madagascar still have today.

Paleogeographic timeline

A simplified paleogeographic timeline of South America:[2]

  • 66 Ma – South America was connected to both North America and Antarctica. Soon after this point, it lost its connection to North America.
  • 66–50 Ma – Tiupampan to Casamayoran - South America was connected to Antarctica which, in turn, was connected to Australia. The Antarctica–Australia connection was lost around the end of this interval or perhaps as much as 15 million years later.
  • 50–34 Ma – Casamayoran to Tinguirirican - South America was connected to Antarctica, which was not yet covered by ice.
  • 34 Ma – Tinguirirican - South America and Antarctica became detached and glaciations started to form in Antarctica.
  • 34–9 Ma – Tinguirirican to Chasicoan - South America had no land connections to any other continent.
  • 9–3 Ma – Huayquerian to Chapadmalalan - islands formed between South and North America. A complete Isthmus of Panama most likely formed near the end of this interval, leading to the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI).
  • 3 Ma to present – Uquian to Holocene - the land connection between South and North America is established and migration between the formerly separated continents occurs. Significantly higher rates of extinction due to climatic changes occur in South America compared to North America, resulting in an asymmetrical exchange of species between the continents. North American originating taxa diversify significantly in South America during this period.[3] It was previously believed this asymmetry was due to the main migrational route being from north to south, rather than the opposite way.
  • Pleistocene – the glacials and interglacials of the Pleistocene caused drastic eustatic sea level changes, widening and narrowing the land bridge at the 'bottleneck' of Panama. As a side-effect, the vegetation changed during this period of strong climatic changes.
  • Late Pleistocene – the earliest humans arrived in South America and settled in various parts of the continent. Evidence for cohabitation with the latest Pleistocene megafauna has been found at multiple locations, such as Monte Verde in coastal Chile and Tibitó on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in Colombia.
Albian
Since about 110 million years ago, South America and Africa are detached
Antarctica, Australia and South America were attached as one large isolated paleocontinent for about 15 million years
The Drake Passage, separating South America from Antarctica, was formed since the latest Eocene (~35 Ma)
The paleogeographical history of South America, with the separation from Africa and Antarctica

Definitions

Epoch SALMA Top age (Ma) Base age (Ma) Etymology Country Location
Holocene
0
0.011
Late Pleistocene Lujanian
0.011
0.8
Luján Formation  Argentina Buenos Aires Province
Mid Pleistocene Ensenadan
0.8
1.2
La Ensenada Formation  Argentina Buenos Aires Province
Early Pleistocene Uquian
1.2
3.0
Uquía Formation  Argentina Jujuy Province
Late Pliocene Chapadmalalan
3.0
4.0
Chapadmalal Formation  Argentina Buenos Aires Province
Early Pliocene Montehermosan
4.0
6.8
Monte Hermoso Formation  Argentina Buenos Aires Province
Late Miocene
Huayquerian
6.8
9.0
Huayquerías Formation  Argentina Mendoza Province
Chasicoan
9.0
10.0
Arroyo Chasicó Formation  Argentina Buenos Aires Province
Mayoan
10.0
11.8
Río Mayo Formation  Argentina Chubut Province
Mid Miocene Laventan
11.8
13.8
La Venta fauna  Colombia Huila Department
Colloncuran
13.8
15.5
Collón Curá Formation  Argentina Neuquén Province
Early Miocene Friasian
15.5
16.3
Río Frías Formation  Chile Aysén Region
Santacrucian
16.3
17.5
Santa Cruz Formation  Argentina Santa Cruz Province
Colhuehuapian
17.5
21.0
Colhué Huapí Member  Argentina Chubut Province
Deseadan
21.0
29.0
Deseado Formation  Argentina Santa Cruz Province
Late Oligocene
Early Oligocene Tinguirirican
29.0
36.0
Tinguiririca fauna  Chile O'Higgins Region
Late Eocene
Late Eocene Divisaderan
36.0
42.0
Divisadero Largo Formation  Argentina Mendoza Province
Middle Eocene Mustersan
42.0
48.0
Lake Musters  Argentina Chubut Province
Early Eocene Casamayoran
48.0
54.0
Casamayor Formation  Argentina Santa Cruz Province
Itaboraian
54.0
54.0
Itaboraí Formation  Brazil Rio de Janeiro State
Riochican
54.0
57.0
Río Chico Group  Argentina Chubut Province
Late Paleocene
Mid Paleocene Peligran
59.0
62.5
Punta Peligro  Argentina Chubut Province
Early Paleocene Tiupampan
62.5
64.5
Tiupampa  Bolivia Cochabamba Department

Cenozoic fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South America

The following formations have provided vertebrate, insect or plant fossils, formations with other invertebrates are excluded:

SALMA Formations Country Location Notes
Lujanian Luján Formation  Argentina Salado Basin
Chaco Formation  Argentina Chaco Basin
Chíu-Chíu Formation  Chile Calama Basin
Dolores Formation  Uruguay Norte Basin
El Palmar Formation  Argentina Paraná Basin
Fortin Tres Pozos Formation  Argentina Chaco Basin
Los Hoyos beds  Colombia Upper Magdalena Valley
La Huaca Formation  Peru Sechura Basin
La Invernada Formation  Argentina Chaco Basin
Ñuapua Formation  Bolivia Chuquisaca Department
Pampa La Brea Formation  Peru Talara Basin
Rotinet Formation  Colombia Sinú-San Jacinto Basin
Sabana Formation  Colombia Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Saladillo Formation  Argentina Pampean Region
Salto Ander Egg Formation  Argentina Paraná Basin
San Sebastián Formation  Peru Eastern Peruvian Andes
Santa Clara Formation  Argentina Buenos Aires Province
Santa Vitória Formation  Brazil Pelotas Basin
Soatá Formation  Colombia Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Sopas Formation  Uruguay Norte Basin
Tarija Formation  Bolivia Tarija Basin
Tezanos Pinto Formation  Argentina Paraná Basin
Touro Passo Formation  Brazil Paraná Basin
Ulloma Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Ensenadan La Ensenada Formation  Argentina Salado Basin
Belgrano Formation  Argentina Buenos Aires Province
Chíu-Chíu Formation  Chile Calama Basin
Graxaim Formation  Brazil Pelotas Basin
Mesa Formation  Venezuela Eastern Venezuela Basin
Miramar Formation  Argentina Claromecó Basin
Sabana Formation  Colombia Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Tarija Formation  Bolivia Tarija Basin
Ulloma Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Umala Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Uquía Formation  Argentina Eastern Argentinian Andes
Vorohué Formation  Argentina Claromecó Basin
Yupoí Formation  Argentina Paraná Basin
Uquian Uquía Formation  Argentina Eastern Argentinian Andes
Bahía Inglesa Formation  Chile Caldera Basin
Charana Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Chíu-Chíu Formation  Chile Calama Basin
Hernandarías Formation  Argentina Paraná Basin
La Paz Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Sacaba Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
San Andrés Formation  Argentina Claromecó Basin
San Gregorio Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Umala Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Vorohué Formation  Argentina Claromecó Basin
Ware Formation  Colombia Cocinetas Basin
Chapadmalalan Chapadmalal Formation  Argentina Claromecó Basin
Puerto Alvear Formation  Argentina Paraná Basin
Andalhuala Formation  Argentina Santa María-Hualfín Basin
Bahía Inglesa Formation  Chile Caldera Basin
Brochero Formation  Argentina Sierras de Córdoba
Chíu-Chíu Formation  Chile Calama Basin
Coquimbo Formation  Chile Tongoy Bay
Horcón Formation  Chile Valparaíso Basin
La Paz Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
La Portada Formation  Chile Tiburón Basin
Pisco Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Río Quinto Formation  Argentina Pampa de Las Salinas Basin
San Gregorio Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
San José Formation  Argentina
 Uruguay
Salado Basin
Santa Lucía Basin
Toro Negro Formation  Argentina Sierra de Los Colorados
Umala Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Ware Formation  Colombia Cocinetas Basin
Montehermosan Monte Hermoso Formation  Argentina Claromecó Basin
Aconquija Formation  Argentina Sierra del Aconquija
Andalhuala Formation  Argentina Santa María-Hualfín Basin
Bahía Inglesa Formation  Chile Caldera Basin
Caleta Herradura Formation  Chile Tiburón Basin
Casira Formation  Bolivia Potosí mountain range
Codore Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Coquimbo Formation  Chile Tongoy Bay
Corral Quemado Formation  Argentina Santa María-Hualfín Basin
Ipururo Formation  Peru Ucayali Basin
La Paz Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Letrero Formation  Ecuador Nabón Basin
Navidad Formation  Chile Chilean Coast Range
Onzole Formation  Ecuador Borbón Basin
Palo Pintado Formation  Argentina Salta Basin
Paraguaná Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Pisco Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Puerta del Diablo Formation  Argentina Valdés Basin
Raigón Formation  Uruguay Norte Basin
Remedios Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Río Negro Formation  Argentina Colorado Basin
Río Quinto Formation  Argentina Pampa de Las Salinas Basin
San José Formation  Argentina
 Uruguay
Salado Basin
Santa Lucía Basin
Solimões Formation  Brazil Solimões Basin
Umala Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Huayquerian Huayquerías Formation  Argentina Cuyo Basin
Andalhuala Formation  Argentina Santa María-Hualfín Basin
Bahía Inglesa Formation - Cerro Ballena  Chile Caldera Basin
Camacho Formation  Uruguay Norte & Santa Lucía Basins
Cerro Azul Formation  Argentina Colorado Basin
Chiquimil Formation  Argentina Santa María-Hualfín Basin
Coquimbo Formation  Chile Tongoy Bay
Las Flores Formation  Argentina Sierra del Tontal
Entrerriana Formation  Argentina Chaco Basin
Epecuén Formation  Argentina Claromecó Basin
Içá Formation  Brazil Madre de Deus Basin
Iñapari Formation  Peru Madre de Dios Basin
India Muerta Formation  Argentina Sierras Pampeanas
Ituzaingó Formation  Argentina Paraná Basin
Kiyu Formation  Uruguay Santa Lucía Basin
Madre de Dios Formation  Peru Madre de Dios Basin
Maimará Formation  Argentina Eastern Argentinian Andes
Mauri Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Miramar Formation  Peru Sechura Basin
El Morterito Formation  Argentina Cajón Valley
Muyu Huasi Formation  Bolivia Muyu Huasi Basin
Navidad Formation  Chile Chilean Coast Range
Palo Pintado Formation  Argentina Salta Basin
Paraná Formation  Argentina Chaco Basin
Pebas Formation  Brazil
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Peru
Amazon Basin
Piquete Formation  Argentina Salta Basin
Pisco Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Quehua Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Raigón Formation  Uruguay Norte Basin
Rosa Pata Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Saldungaray Formation  Argentina Buenos Aires Province
Salicas Formation  Argentina Sierra de Velasco
Solimões Formation  Brazil Solimões Basin
Urumaco Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Chasicoan Arroyo Chasicó Formation  Argentina Colorado Basin
Bahía Inglesa Formation  Chile Caldera Basin
Caujarao Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Cerro Azul Formation  Argentina Colorado Basin
Coquimbo Formation  Chile Tongoy Bay
Loma de Las Tapias Formation  Argentina Tulum Valley
Madre de Dios Formation  Peru Madre de Dios Basin
Mauri Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Navidad Formation  Chile Chilean Coast Range
Palo Pintado Formation  Argentina Angastaco Basin
Paraná Formation  Argentina Chaco Basin
Pebas Formation  Brazil
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Peru
Amazon Basin
Pisco Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Puerto Madryn Formation  Argentina Valdés Basin
Urumaco Formation - Urumaco fauna  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Mayoan Río Mayo Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Coquimbo Formation  Chile Tongoy Bay
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation  Argentina Colorado Basin
Huaylas Formation  Chile Parinacota Province
Mauri Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Navidad Formation  Chile Chilean Coast Range
Paraná Formation  Argentina Chaco Basin
Pebas Formation  Brazil
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Peru
Amazon Basin
Pisco Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Puerto Madryn Formation  Argentina Valdés Basin
Urumaco Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Yecua Formation  Bolivia Paraná Basin
Laventan Honda Group - La Venta fauna  Colombia Upper Magdalena Valley
Honda Group - Quebrada Honda fauna  Bolivia Quebrada Honda Basin
Aisol Formation  Argentina San Rafael Block
Bahía Inglesa Formation  Chile Caldera Basin
Capadare Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Choquecota Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Cura-Mallín Group  Chile Cura-Mallín Basin
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation  Argentina Colorado Basin
Ipururo Formation  Peru Ucayali Basin
Mariño Formation  Argentina Cuyo Basin
Mauri Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Paraná Formation  Argentina Chaco Basin
Pebas Formation  Brazil
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Peru
Amazon Basin
Pisco Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Santa Inés Formation  Venezuela Eastern Venezuela Basin
Sincelejo Formation  Colombia Sinú-San Jacinto Basin
Socorro Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Urumaco Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Colloncuran Collón Curá Formation  Argentina Cañadón Asfalto Basin
Neuquén Basin
Castilletes Formation  Colombia Cocinetas Basin
Cerdas beds  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Cura-Mallín Group  Chile Cura-Mallín Basin
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation  Argentina Colorado Basin
Mariño Formation  Argentina Cuyo Basin
Mauri Formation  Bolivia Altiplano Basin
Nazareno Formation  Bolivia Tupiza Basin
Pebas Formation  Brazil
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Peru
Amazon Basin
Pisco Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Friasian Río Frías Formation  Chile Aysén Basin
Castilletes Formation  Colombia Cocinetas Basin
Chilcatay Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Cura-Mallín Group  Chile Cura-Mallín Basin
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation  Argentina Colorado Basin
Parángula Formation  Venezuela Barinas-Apure Basin
Pebas Formation  Brazil
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Peru
Amazon Basin
Río Foyel Formation  Argentina Patagonian Andes
Río Yuca Formation  Venezuela Barinas-Apure Basin
Santacrucian Santa Cruz Formation  Argentina Austral Basin
Aisol Formation  Argentina San Rafael Block
Cantaure Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Castillo Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Cerro Boleadoras Formation  Argentina Austral Basin
Chaguaramas Formation  Venezuela Eastern Venezuela Basin
Chilcatay Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Chucal Formation - Chucal fauna  Chile Altiplano Basin
Cura-Mallín Group  Chile Cura-Mallín Basin
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation  Argentina Colorado Basin
Jimol Formation  Colombia Cocinetas Basin
Mariño Formation  Argentina Cuyo Basin
Pinturas Formation  Argentina Austral Basin
Río Yuca Formation  Venezuela Barinas-Apure Basin
Colhuehuapian Colhué Huapí Member  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Abanico Formation  Chile Abanico Basin
Biblián Formation  Ecuador Cuenca Basin
Castillo Formation  Venezuela Falcón Basin
Cerro Bandera Formation  Argentina Neuquén Basin
Chichinales Formation  Argentina Neuquén Basin
Chilcatay Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Cura-Mallín Group  Chile Cura-Mallín Basin
Gaiman Formation  Argentina Valdés Basin
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation  Argentina Colorado Basin
Monte León Formation  Argentina Austral Basin
Montera Formation  Peru Sechura Basin
Pirabas Formation  Brazil Amazon Basin
Río Jeinemeni Formation  Argentina Austral Basin
Sarmiento Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Uitpa Formation  Colombia Cocinetas Basin
Deseadan Deseado Formation  Argentina Deseado Massif
Abanico Formation  Chile Abanico Basin
Agua de la Piedra Formation  Argentina Precordillera
Barzalosa Formation  Colombia Upper Magdalena Valley
Chambira Formation  Peru Ucayali Basin
Chilcatay Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Dos Bocas Formation  Ecuador Progreso Basin
Fray Bentos Formation  Argentina
 Uruguay
Paraná Basin
Gaiman Formation  Argentina Valdés Basin
Mariño Formation  Argentina Cuyo Basin
Monte León Formation  Argentina Austral Basin
Moquegua Formation  Peru Moquegua Basin
Mugrosa Formation  Colombia Middle Magdalena Valley
Petaca Formation  Bolivia Subandean Belt
"Puca Group" - Lacayani fauna  Bolivia Subandean Belt
Río Baguales Formation  Chile Aysén Basin
Salla Formation  Bolivia Salla-Luribay Basin
Sarmiento Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Tremembé Formation/São Paulo Formation  Brazil Taubaté Basin
Tinguirirican Abanico Formation - Tinguiririca fauna  Chile Abanico Basin
Chota Formation  Peru Bagua Basin
Entre-Corrégos Formation  Brazil Aiuruoca Basin
Gualanday Group  Colombia Central Colombian Ranges
Laguna Brava Formation  Argentina Precordillera
Loreto Formation  Chile Magallanes Basin
El Milagro Formation  Peru Bagua Basin
Otuma Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Sarmiento Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Seca Formation  Ecuador Progreso Basin
Soncco Formation  Peru Eastern Peruvian Andes
Divisaderan Divisadero Largo Formation  Argentina Cuyo Basin
Abanico Formation  Chile Abanico Basin
Andesitas Huancache Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Chota Formation  Peru Bagua Basin
Leticia Formation  Argentina Austral Basin
Loreto Formation  Chile Magallanes Basin
Paracas Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Pozo Formation  Peru Ucayali Basin
Sarmiento Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Soncco Formation  Peru Eastern Peruvian Andes
Yumaque Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Mustersan Sarmiento Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Abanico Formation  Chile Abanico Basin
Andesitas Huancache Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Chota Formation  Peru Bagua Basin
Geste Formation  Argentina Puna Plateau
Laguna del Hunco Formation  Argentina Cañadón Asfalto Basin
Paracas Formation  Peru Pisco Basin
Pozo Formation  Peru Ucayali Basin
Soncco Formation  Peru Eastern Peruvian Andes
Vaca Mahuida Formation  Argentina Neuquén Basin
Ventana Formation  Argentina Neuquén Basin
Yahuarango Formation - Santa Rosa fauna  Peru Ucayali Basin
Casamayoran Casamayor Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Abanico Formation  Chile Abanico Basin
Bogotá Formation  Colombia Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Cayara Formation  Bolivia Cochabamba Department
Chota Formation  Peru Bagua Basin
Fonseca Formation  Brazil Fonseca Basin
Guabirotuba Formation  Brazil Curitiba Basin
Huitrera Formation  Argentina Neuquén Basin
Laguna del Hunco Formation  Argentina Cañadón Asfalto Basin
Los Cuervos Formation  Colombia Cesar-Ranchería Basin
Lumbrera Formation  Argentina Salta Basin
Maíz Gordo Formation  Argentina Salta Basin
Quebrada de los Colorados Formation  Argentina Salta Basin
Sarmiento Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Riochican Río Chico Group  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Bogotá Formation  Colombia Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Bororó Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Chota Formation  Peru Bagua Basin
Koluel Kaike Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Maíz Gordo Formation  Argentina Salta Basin
Mogollón Formation  Peru Talara & Tumbes Basins
Muñani Formation  Peru Altiplano Basin
Peñas Coloradas Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Río Loro Formation  Argentina Sierras Pampeanas
Salamanca Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Itaboraian Itaboraí Formation  Brazil Itaboraí Basin
Bogotá Formation  Colombia Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Cerrejón Formation  Colombia Cesar-Ranchería Basin
Chota Formation  Peru Bagua Basin
Koluel Kaike Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Las Flores Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Maíz Gordo Formation  Argentina Salta Basin
Mealla Formation  Argentina Salta Basin
Mogollón Formation  Peru Talara & Tumbes Basins
Muñani Formation  Peru Altiplano Basin
Peñas Coloradas Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Río Loro Formation  Argentina Sierras Pampeanas
Peligran Peñas Coloradas Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Bogotá Formation  Colombia Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Cerrejón Formation  Colombia Cesar-Ranchería Basin
Chota Formation  Peru Bagua Basin
Guaduas Formation  Colombia Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Salamanca Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin
Santa Lucía Formation  Bolivia Potosí Basin
Tiupampan Santa Lucía Formation  Bolivia Potosí Basin
Chota Formation  Peru Bagua Basin
Guaduas Formation  Colombia Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Lefipán Formation  Argentina Cañadón Asfalto Basin
Maria Farinha Formation  Brazil Paraíba Basin
Salamanca Formation  Argentina Golfo San Jorge Basin

Fossil content

SALMA Group Fossils Formation Notes
Lujanian Mammals Calomys callosus, Chaetophractus villosus, Ctenomys lujanensis, C. magellanicus, Dilobodon lujanensis, Doedicurus clavicaudatus, Dolichotis patagonum, Dusicyon avus, Eligmodontia typus, Equus (Amerhippus) cf. curvidens, Equus caballus, Eulamaops paralellus, Eutatus seguini, Galea musteloides, Glossotherium myloides, G. robustum, Glyptodon clavipes, G. perforatus, G. reticulatus, G. rudimentarius, Hemiauchenia paradoxa, Hippidion devillei, H. principale, Holochilus brasiliensis, Lagostomus maximus, Lama glama, L. gracilis, L. guanicoe, Lestodelphys halli, Lestodon armatus, L. gaudryi, L. trigonidens, Lontra longicaudis, Lycalopex gymnocercus, Lyncodon patagonicus, Macrauchenia patachonica, Megatherium americanum, Microcavia australis, M. robusta, Morenelaphus azpeitianus, M. lujanensis, Myocastor coypus, M. priscus, Neochoerus aesopi, Neochoerus sulcidens, Neuryurus rudis, Notiomastodon platensis, Pampatherium typum, Panochthus tuberculatus, Panthera onca, Panthera platensis, Pediolagus salinicola, Pseudalopex gymnocercus, Reithrodon auritus, R. cf. physodes, Scelidotherium leptocephalum, Smilodon populator, Stegomastodon superbus, Tayassu tajacu, Tolypeutes tricinctus matacus, Toxodon bilobidens, T. platensis, Arctotherium sp., Neosclerocalyptus sp. Luján
Holmesina rondoniensis Rio Madeira
Birds Cathartes fossilis, Lagopterus minutus, Nannopterum brasilianum, Sarcorhamphus fossilis Luján
Insects Cyclocephala signaticollis, Diloboderus abderus, Epipedonota cristallisata, Nyctelia picipes, Scotobius pilularius Luján
Ensenadan Mammals Epieurycerus truncus, Tonnicinctus mirus Ensenada
Balaenoptera musculus, Eubalaena australis, Megaptera novaeangliae, Ziphiidae indet. Graxaim
Homotherium venezuelensis, Smilodon gracilis, Tapirus sp. Mesa
Eutatus sp., Mesotherium sp., Neosclerocalyptus sp., Palaeolama sp. Miramar
Equus (Amerhippus) andium, Equus (Amerhippus) insulatus, Andinomys cf. edea, Arctodus tarijensis, A. wingei, Arctotherium tarijense, A. wingei, Calomys cf. lancha, Canis dirus, Canis proplatensis, Chaetophractus tarijensis, C. villosus, Charitoceros tarijensis, Chlamydotherium cf. sellowi, Chrysocyon brachyurus, Coendou magnus, Conepatus suffocans, Ctenomys brachyrhinus, C. subassentiens, Cuvieronius hyodon, C. tropicus, Dasypus cf. villosus, Dicotyles cf. major, Euphractus sexcinctus, Euryzygomatomys hoffstetteri, Felis platensis, Felis yaguaroundi, Glossotherium robustum, G. tarijensis, Glyptodon clavipes, G. reticulatus, Hemiauchenia cf. paradoxa, Hippidion bonaerensis, H. devillei, H. principale, Hoplophorus echazui, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, Kunsia fronto, Lama castelnaudi, L. glama, L. intermedia, L. mesolithica, L. cf. oweni, L. provicugna, Lestodon armatus, Lutreolina crassicaudata, Macrauchenia patagonica, Megatherium americanum, M. tarijensis, Myocastor coypus, M. perditus, Nectomys cf. squamipes, Neochoerus tarijensis, Neothoracophorus cf. elevatus, Nothropus tarijensis, Oxymycterus cf. paranensis, Palaeolama crequii, P. weddeli, Pampatherium cf. humboldtii, Panochthus cf. tuberculatus, Panthera onca, Phyllotis cf. darwini, Platygonus tarijensis, Propraopus sulcatus, Protocyon tarijensis, Pseudalopex gymnocercus, Puma concolor, Reigomys primigenus, Scelidodon tarijensis, Scelidotherium patrium, Smilodon populator, Tapirus tarijensis, Tapirus terrestris terrestris, Theriodictis tarijensis, Toxodon cf. platensis, Haplomastodon sp., Hippocamelus sp., Hydrochoerus sp., Nasua sp., Notiomastodon sp. Tarija
Hippidion devillei, Pardinamys humahuaquensis, Pseudomacrauchenia yepesi, Glyptodon sp., ?Neuryurus sp., cf. Palaeolama sp., Scelidotherium sp., Cervidae indet. Uquía
Glyptodon munizi Vorohué
Hippidion principale, Holmesina paulacoutoi, Lestodon armatus, Macrauchenia patagonica, Megatherium americanum, Neolicaphrium recens, Notiomastodon platensis, Pampatherium typum, Panthera onca, Smilodon populator, Tayassu pecari, Toxodon platensis, Arctotherium sp., Dolichotis sp., Euphractus sp., Galea sp., Glyptodon sp., Lama sp., Mazama sp., Myocastor sp., Neosclerocalyptus sp., Panochthus sp., Propraopus sp., Scelidodon sp., Stegomastodon sp., Theriodictis sp., Tolypeutes sp. Yupoí
Birds Neochen debilis Belgrano
Anas bahamensis, Anas cheuen, Callonetta talarae, Pleistoanser bravardi, Zonotrichia robusta Miramar
Vultur gryphus Tarija
Reptiles &
amphibians
Leiosaurus marellii La Ensenada
Caiman venezuelensis, Crocodylia indet. Mesa
Bufo cf. marinus, Ceratophrys sp. Tarija
Fishes Pogonias cromis Graxaim
Uquian Mammals Chaetophractus cf. villosus, Ctenomys chapadmalensis, Hippidion devillei, Hydrochoeropsis dasseni, Lestodon ?castellanosi, Megatherium ?uquiensis, Paraglyptodon uquiensis, Platygonus uquiensis, Pyramiodontherium ?carlesi, Windhausenia delacroixi, Xiphuroides uquiensis, Erethizon sp., ?Panochthus sp., Urotherium sp., Doedicurinae indet., Euphractinae indet., Gomphotheriidae indet., Sclerocalyptinae indet. Uquía
Macrauchenia cf. ullomensis, Glossotherium sp., Plaxhaplous sp., Cervidae indet. Charana
Megatherium medinae Chíu-Chíu
Aenigmys diamantensis, Eumysops sp. Hernandarías
Thalassocnus yaucensis Pisco
Panochthus intermedius Sacaba
Eumysops marplatensis, Neuryurus sp. San Andrés
Palaeolama weddelli, Doedicurus sp. San José
Macrauchenia patagonica, Scelidodon cf. tarijensis, Cervidae indet. Umala
Eumysops cavoides, E. marplatensis, Galictis sorgentini, Leopardus vorohuensis, Platygonus chapalmalensis, Protocyon scagliaruen, Smilodon riggii, Canis sp., Catagonus sp., Didelphis sp., Dolichotis sp., Dusicyon sp., Hippidion sp., Lagostomus sp., Lama sp., Megatherium sp., Mesotherium sp., Microcavia sp., Microtragulus sp., Paedotherium sp., Palaeolama sp., Pithanotomys sp., Tremacyllus sp., Toxodon sp., Windhausenia sp. Vorohué
Birds Phalacrocorax aff. bougainvillii Pisco
Aratinga vorohuensis Vorohué
Reptiles Uquiasaurus heptanodonta Uquía
Chapadmalalan Mammals Didelphis brachyodonta, Didelphis reigi, Lutreolina cf. crassicaudata, Paraglyptodon chapalmalensis, Platygonus marplatensis, Thylophorops chapalmalensis, Marmosa indet. Chapadmalal
Paedotherium typicum, Paramyocastor diligens, Eumysops sp. Puerto Alvear
Abrothrix magnus, Chukimys favaloroi Brochero
Caviodon multiplicatus, Doellotatus chapadmalensis, Dolicavia minuscula, Eucelophorus cf. chapalmalensis, Macrochorobates chapadmalensis, Macroeuphractus retusus, Paedotherium bonaerense, P. typicum, Pascualia aff. laeviplicata, Tremacyllus impressus, Actenomys sp., Lagostomus (Lagostomopsis) sp., Pithanotomys sp. Río
Quinto
aff. Holmesina floridianus, Marisela gregoriana, Pliodasypus vergelianus, Boreostemma sp., Cardiatherium sp., cf. Caviodon sp., Cyonasua sp., Neoepiblema sp., Megatheriidae indet., Toxodontidae indet. San
Gregorio
Artigasia magna, Plesiomegatherium hansmeyeri, Pliomegatherium sp. San José
Chorobates villosissimus, cf. Doellotatus inornatus, Lomaphorops corallinus, Neuryurus cf. giganteus, Pyramiodontherium scillatoyanei, Xyophorus aff. bandesioi, Eoauchenia sp., Paleuphractus sp., cf. Plesiomegatherium sp., Propediolagus sp., cf. Proscelidodon sp., Protabrocoma sp., cf. Urotherium sp. Toro
Negro
Ctenomys chapadmalensis, Doellotatus chapadmalensis, Paraglyptodon uquiensis, Microcavia sp., Plaina sp., Scelidotheridium sp. Uquía
Hydrochoeropsis wayuu, Pliomegatherium lelongi, Chapalmalania sp., ?Hyperleptus sp., Nothrotherium sp., Camelidae indet., Caviidae indet., Erethizontidae indet., Glyptodontidae indet., Lestodontini indet., Megalonychidae indet., Mylodontidae indet., Pampatheriidae indet., Proterotheriidae indet., Scelidotheriinae indet., Tardigrada indet., Toxodontidae indet. Ware
Birds Llallawavis scagliai Playa
Los Lobos
Allo
Reptiles &
amphibians
Rhinella loba Chapadmalal [285]
Anura indet., Squamata indet., Serpentes indet. Brochero
Crocodylus falconensis San
Gregorio
Crocodylus sp., Alligatoridae indet., Crocodylidae indet., Podocnemididae indet. Ware
Fishes Carcharhinidae indet., Characidae indet., Cichlidae indet., Cynodontidae indet., Doradidae indet., Myliobatidae indet., Pimelodidae indet., Pristidae indet., Sciaenidae indet., Serrasalmidae indet., Sphyrnidae indet. Ware
Montehermosan Mammals Actenomys latidens, A. priscus, Argyrolagus palmeri, Caviodon australis, Doellotatus inornatus, Eleutherocercus antiquus, Eoauchenia primitiva, Eucelophorus cabrerai, Eumysops formosus, E. laeviplicatus, Holozaedyus laevisculptus, Hyperdidelphys inexpectata, Kraglievichimys formosus, Lagostomus euplasius, L. incises, Macrochorobates chapadmalensis, Marmosa contrerasi, Myrmecophaga caroloameghinoi, Necromys bonapartei, Notocynus hermosicus, Paedotherium bonaerense, P. typicum, Parahyaenodon argentinus, Paramyocastor diligens, Phugatherium cataclisticum, Phtoramys homogenidens, Pithanotomys columnaris, P. macer, Plaina cf. intermedia, Plohophorus figuratus, Promacrauchenia antiqua, P. kraglievichi, Proscelidodon patrius, Pseudoplataeomys formosus, Pseudotypotherium bravardi, Thylatheridium pascuali, Toxodon chapalmalensis, Tremacyllus impressus, Trigodon gaudryi, Caviodon sp., Chorobates sp., Lestodon sp., Lutreolina sp., Macroeuphractus sp., Neocavia sp., Neophanomys sp., Orthomyctera sp., Palaeocavia sp., Paleuphractus sp., Phugatherium sp., Prodolichotis sp., Pseudotypotherium sp., Sparassocynus sp., Caviidae indet., Cricetidae indet., Dasypodidae indet., Glyptodontidae indet., Macraucheniidae indet., Proterotheriidae indet., Rodentia indet., Sigmodontinae sp., Toxodontidae indet. Monte
Hermoso
Xotodon caravela Aconquija
Brachytherium laternarium, Cardiomys ameghinorum, Cavia cabrerai, Caviodon andalhualensis, Chapalmalania alteafrontis, Chorobates scalabrini, Cyonasua brevirostris, Eosclerocalyptus planus, Hemihegetotherium robustum, Microtragulus catamarcensis, Neophanomys biplicatus, Neotamandua conspicua, Orthomyctera andina, Palaeomyrmidon incomptus, Paradidelphys pattersonii, Paraeuphractus prominens, Phlyctaenopyga ameghinoi, Pithanotomys columnaris, Prodolichotis prisca, Promacrauchenia antiqua, Pyramiodontherium bergi, Scelidotherium pendolai, Sphenotherus zavaletianus, Stromaphorus compressidens, Tetrastylus intermedius, Tremacyllus latifrons, Typotheriopsis internum, Palaeocavia sp., Thylacosmilus sp., Toxodontherium sp., Xotodon sp. Andalhuala
Hemisyntrachelus sp. Bahía
Inglesa
Balaenopteridae indet., Odontoceti indet., Otariidae indet. Caleta
Herradura
Plesiotypotherium casirense, Simomylodon uccasamamensis Casira
Bolivartherium codorensis, Boreostemma pliocena, Falcontoxodon aguilerai, cf. Ischyrorhynchus vanbenedeni, Mirandabradys zabasi, Proeremotherium eljebe, Alitoxodon sp., Plesiomegatherium sp. Codore
Delphinus domeykoi, Megaptera hubachi, Pliopontos sp., ?Squalodon sp., Balaenidae indet. Coquimbo
Borhyaenidium riggsi Corral
Quemado
Posnanskytherium desaguaderoi, Macroeuphractus aff. moreni, Neosclerocalyptus sp., cf. Plohophorops sp., cf. Promacrauchenia sp. La Paz
Anadasypus aequatorianus, Caviomorpha indet., Litopterna indet., Toxodontia indet. Letrero
Cetacea indet. Paraguaná
Posnanskytherium sp., Promacrauchenia sp., Mylodontidae indet. Remedios
Plohophorus aff. figuratus Río
Negro
Oxyodontherium zeballosi Río
Quinto
Catonyx tarijensis San José
Aymaratherium jeani, Megatherium altiplanicum, Microtragulus bolivianus, Phugatherium saavedrai, Posnanskytherium desaguaderoi, Praectenomys rhombidens, P. vagus, Sparassocynus heterotopicus, Macroeuphractus sp., cf. Plaina sp., cf. Promacrauchenia sp., ?Caenolestidae indet., Mylodontinae indet. Umala
Birds Chunga incerta, Dryornis pampeanus, Eudromia cf. elegans, Foetopterus ambiguus, Mesembriornis milneedwardsi, Palaeociconia australis, Protorhea azarae, Tinamisornis intermedius, T. parvulus, Dendrocygninae indet. Monte
Hermoso
Opisthodactylus kirchneri Andalhuala
Pygoscelis grandis, Spheniscus anglicus Bahía
Inglesa
Spheniscus chilensis, Milvago sp., Phalacrocorax sp. Caleta
Herradura
cf. Palaeospheniscus sp., Spheniscus sp., Diomedeidae indet., Spheniscidae indet. Coquimbo
Reptiles &
amphibians
Ceratophrys ameghinorum, Chelonoidis cf. australis, Lepidobatrachus australis, L. laevis, Testudo formosa, Leptodactylus sp., Tupinambis sp., Bufonidae indet., Colubridae indet. Monte
Hermoso
Caiman sp., Gavialoidea indet. Ipururo
Fishes Characidae indet., Percichthyidae indet., Trichomycteridae indet. Monte
Hermoso
Carcharodon carcharias, Prionace glauca Bahía
Inglesa
Carcharodon carcharias, Carcharias sp., Carcharhinus sp., Chondrichthyes indet., Myliobatidae indet. Caleta
Herradura
Carcharodon carcharias Coquimbo
Megalodon, Brotula cf. ordwayi, Carcharhinus egertoni, Carcharhinus priscus, Chilara taylori, Eucinostomus cf. currani, Galeocerdo aduncus, Hemipristis serra, Isistius triangulus, Larimus cf. pacificus, Lepophidium microlepis, Merluccius cf. angustimanus, Negaprion eurybathrodon, Odontaspis acutissima, Orthopristis cf. cantharinus, Otophidium indefatigabile, Paraconger californiensis, Porichthys analis, P. margaritatus, P. cf. notatus, Rhizoprionodon taxandriae, Anchoa sp., Apogon sp., Citharichthys sp., Diaphus sp., Haemulon sp., Lampadena sp., Cynoglossidae indet., Gerreidae indet., Gobiidae indet., Opistognathidae indet., Pleuronectidae indet., ?Serranidae indet. Onzole
Megalodon Paraguaná
Megalodon, Carcharodon hastalis, Hexanchus griseus, Pristiophorus sp. Puerta del
Diablo

See also

  • iconPaleontology portal
  • Prehistoric mammals portal

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ Former name of Ituzaingó Formation
  2. ^ Former name of Cerro Azul Formation
  3. ^ In later research considered part of the Camacho Formation[97]

References

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  203. ^ Del Papa et al., 2013, p.59
  204. ^ Payrola Bosio et al., 2010, p.312
  205. ^ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.240
  206. ^ Scarfati et al., 2009, p.36
  207. ^ a b Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.251
  208. ^ a b Quispe Alcalá, 2010, p.21
  209. ^ a b Gelfo & Goin, 2011
  210. ^ a b c d e f Clyde et al., 2014, p.303
  211. ^ a b Pol & Powell, 2011, S9
  212. ^ Oliveira & Goin, 2011
  213. ^ a b Jaramillo et al., 2007, p.168
  214. ^ Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.249
  215. ^ Sánchez & Marquillas, 2010, p.389
  216. ^ a b Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.54
  217. ^ a b Sempere et al., 1997, p.709
  218. ^ Goin et al., 2006
  219. ^ Carvalho et al., 2016, p.493
  220. ^ Arroyo Tapalque at Fossilworks.org
  221. ^ Paso Otero-Pardo at Fossilworks.org
  222. ^ Paso Otero-Verde at Fossilworks.org
  223. ^ a b Luján at Fossilworks.org
  224. ^ Laguna Las Encadenadas at Fossilworks.org
  225. ^ Quequén Salado - Indio Rico at Fossilworks.org
  226. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, pp.636-637
  227. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, p.899
  228. ^ Góis et al., 2012
  229. ^ Salado River, General Belgrano at Fossilworks.org
  230. ^ La Chumbiada at Fossilworks.org
  231. ^ Góis et al., 2015
  232. ^ La Plata (Ensenada) at Fossilworks.org
  233. ^ a b Graxaim at Fossilworks.org
  234. ^ a b El Breal de Orocual at Fossilworks.org
  235. ^ El Breal de Orocual2 at Fossilworks.org
  236. ^ a b 900 m SW of Punta Hermengo at Fossilworks.org
  237. ^ Machado et al., 2014
  238. ^ a b c Tarija at Fossilworks.org
  239. ^ Tarija-1 at Fossilworks.org
  240. ^ Ortiz et al., 2013
  241. ^ Esquina Blanca - Upper Unit at Fossilworks.org
  242. ^ Baliza Chica at Fossilworks.org
  243. ^ Vezzosi, 2015, pp.631-632
  244. ^ Arroyo Toropi-Level 3 at Fossilworks.org
  245. ^ Agnolin, 2006, p.93
  246. ^ Agnolin, 2006, p.83
  247. ^ Agnolin, 2006, p.84
  248. ^ Agnolin, 2006, p.86
  249. ^ Agnolin, 2006, p.88
  250. ^ Estación Anchorena at Fossilworks.org
  251. ^ Esquina Blanca - Middle Unit at Fossilworks.org
  252. ^ Charana at Fossilworks.org
  253. ^ Jalquincha 1 at Fossilworks.org
  254. ^ Left bank of La Ensenada Creek at Fossilworks.org
  255. ^ East Yauca at Fossilworks.org
  256. ^ 20 km west of Cochabamba at Fossilworks.org
  257. ^ a b Olivares & Verzi, 2015
  258. ^ Punta San Andrés at Fossilworks.org
  259. ^ Arroyo Tarariras at Fossilworks.org
  260. ^ Ayo Ayo tuff at Fossilworks.org
  261. ^ Arroyo Loberia at Fossilworks.org
  262. ^ 15 km N Mar del Plata at Fossilworks.org
  263. ^ Yauca at Fossilworks.org
  264. ^ Tonni & Noriega, 1996
  265. ^ Daza et al., 2012
  266. ^ Mar del Plata at Fossilworks.org
  267. ^ Bajada las Palomas at Fossilworks.org
  268. ^ First point north of Barranca de los Lobos, level III-IV at Fossilworks.org
  269. ^ Punta Martinez de Hoz, level III at Fossilworks.org
  270. ^ First bajada north of Canada Chapar at Fossilworks.org
  271. ^ Diamente Department at Fossilworks.org
  272. ^ Barbière et al., 2016
  273. ^ a b Los Sauces River at Fossilworks.org
  274. ^ Cantera Díaz Nogarol at Fossilworks.org
  275. ^ Castro et al., 2014
  276. ^ Vergel Member at Fossilworks.org
  277. ^ Playa Kiyu at Fossilworks.org
  278. ^ Sierra de Los Colorados at Fossilworks.org
  279. ^ Toro Negro at Fossilworks.org
  280. ^ Esquina Blanca - Lower Unit at Fossilworks.org
  281. ^ a b c Moreno et al., 2015, p.35
  282. ^ Amson et al., 2016, pp.3–15
  283. ^ Pérez et al., 2017
  284. ^ Degrange et al., 2015
  285. ^ Pérez Ben et al., 2019
  286. ^ Norte Casa Chiguaje at Fossilworks.org
  287. ^ Police Station 470062 at Fossilworks.org
  288. ^ Barbière et al., 2018
  289. ^ a b c d Monte Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
  290. ^ a b c Farola Monte Hermoso FI Facies at Fossilworks.org
  291. ^ a b Farola Monte Hermoso FM Facies at Fossilworks.org
  292. ^ Farola Monte Hermoso St Facies at Fossilworks.org
  293. ^ Farola Monte Hermoso Fcf Facies at Fossilworks.org
  294. ^ Farola Monte Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
  295. ^ Barrancas de Monte Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
  296. ^ Farola Monte Hermoso Fsc Facies at Fossilworks.org
  297. ^ Armella et al., 2018
  298. ^ Candela & Bonini, 2017
  299. ^ a b Santa Maria Valley Andalhuala Fm at Fossilworks.org
  300. ^ a b c Bahia Inglesa Unit 3 at Fossilworks.org
  301. ^ a b c Cuenca del Tiburón at Fossilworks.org
  302. ^ Casira Formation at Fossilworks.org
  303. ^ Carrillo et al., 2018
  304. ^ Casa el Jebe at Fossilworks.org
  305. ^ La Meseta at Fossilworks.org
  306. ^ Road to Tio Gregorio Locality at Fossilworks.org
  307. ^ Urumaco, Biozona 4 Loc 85-FC at Fossilworks.org
  308. ^ Mirandabradys Urumaco 03 at Fossilworks.org
  309. ^ 1.5 km Northwest of Cerro Chiguaje at Fossilworks.org
  310. ^ Coquimbo at Fossilworks.org
  311. ^ Bahia de Guayacan at Fossilworks.org
  312. ^ Bahia Herradura at Fossilworks.org
  313. ^ Corral Quemado at Fossilworks.org
  314. ^ La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia at Fossilworks.org
  315. ^ RHM Locality 4 at Fossilworks.org
  316. ^ a b El Yacural at Fossilworks.org
  317. ^ Remedios at Fossilworks.org
  318. ^ Punta Bermeja at Fossilworks.org
  319. ^ Arroyo La Petra at Fossilworks.org
  320. ^ Puerto Arazatí at Fossilworks.org
  321. ^ Pujos et al., 2016
  322. ^ Umala, La Paz, Bolivia at Fossilworks.org
  323. ^ Ayo Ayo at Fossilworks.org
  324. ^ Benson, 2015
  325. ^ Los Dedos, Pliocene at Fossilworks.org
  326. ^ La Cantera at Fossilworks.org
  327. ^ Chanaral de Aceituno at Fossilworks.org
  328. ^ Nicoli, 2015
  329. ^ Farola Monte Hermoso Neocavia at Fossilworks.org
  330. ^ CTA-42 at Fossilworks.org
  331. ^ CTA-59 at Fossilworks.org
  332. ^ Tongoy area Unit 11 at Fossilworks.org
  333. ^ Súa Member at Fossilworks.org
  334. ^ Punta la Gorda at Fossilworks.org
  335. ^ Punta la Colorada at Fossilworks.org
  336. ^ Puerta del Diablo at Fossilworks.org

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Argentina

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Austral Basin
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Santa María-Hualfín Basin
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Santa Fe Province
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Aconquija Formation
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Agua de la Piedra Formation
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Aisol Formation
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Andalhuala Formation
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Andesitas Huancache Formation
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Arroyo Chasicó Formation
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  • Pérez, María Encarnación; Deschamps, Cecilia M.; Vucetich, María Guiomar (2018), "Diversity, phylogeny and biogeography of the South American 'cardiomyine' rodents (Hystricognathi, Cavioidea) with a description of two new species", Papers in Palaeontology, 4 (1): 1–19, Bibcode:2018PPal....4....1P, doi:10.1002/spp2.1095, retrieved 2019-02-12
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Belgrano Formation
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Bororó Formation
  • Scarfati, L.; Melendi, D.L.; Volkheimer, W. (2009), "A Danian subtropical lacustrine palynobiota from South America (Bororó Formation, San Jorge Basin, Patagonia - Argentina)", Geologica Acta, 7: 35–61, retrieved 2018-09-10
Brochero Formation
  • Barbière, Franck; Cruz, Laura E.; Ortiz, Pablo E.; Pardiñas, Ulyses F. J. (2016), "A new genus of Sigmodontinae (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the Pliocene of Central Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (5): e1199557, Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E9557B, doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1199557, hdl:11336/36864, retrieved 2019-02-12
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Casamayor Formation
  • Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno Superior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256, retrieved 2017-10-18
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Cerro Azul Formation
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  • Madozzo Jaén, M. Carolina; Pérez, M. Encarnación; Montalvo, Claudia I.; Tomassini, Rodrigo L. (2018), "Systematic review of Neocavia from the Neogene of Argentina: Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 63 (2): 241–260, retrieved 2019-02-11
  • Sostillo, Renata; Montalvo, Claudia I.; Verzi, Diego H. (2014), "A new species of Reigechimys (Rodentia, Echimyidae) from the Late Miocene of central Argentina and the evolutionary pattern of the lineage", Ameghiniana, 51 (4): 284–294, doi:10.5710/AMGH.24.04.2014.2741, retrieved 2019-02-12
Cerro Bandera Formation
  • Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Bond, Mariano; Arnal, Michelle (2015), "Systematic description of three new mammals (Notoungulata and Rodentia) from the early Miocene Cerro Bandera Formation, northern Patagonia, Argentina", Ameghiniana, 52 (6): 585–597, doi:10.5710/AMGH.27.06.2015.2906, retrieved 2019-02-13
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Chapadmalal Formation
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  • Oliva, Cristian; Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Dondas, Alejandro; Scillato Yané, Gustavo Juan (2010), "Los Glyptodontinae (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae) del Piso/Edad Chapadmalalense (Plioceno tardío): revisión y aportes a su conocimiento" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 27: 112–120, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Olivares, A. Itatí; Verzi, Diego H.; Guiomar Vucetich, M. (2012), "Definición del género Eumysops Ameghino 1888 (Rodentia, Echimyidae) y sistemática de las especies del Plioceno temprano de la Argentina central" (PDF), Ameghiniana, 49 (2): 198–216, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i2(450), retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Pérez Ben, Celeste M.; Gómez, Raúl O.; Báez, Ana M. (2019), "A new Pliocene true toad (Anura: Bufonidae): first record of an extinct species from South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 39 (1): e1576183, Bibcode:2019JVPal..39E6183P, doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1576183
Chichinales Formation
  • Agnolin, Federico L.; Chafrat, Pablo (2015), "New fossil bird remains from the Chichinales Formation (Early Miocene) of northern Patagonia, Argentina", Annales de Paléontologie, 101 (2): 87–94, Bibcode:2015AnPal.101...87A, doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2015.02.001, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo; Paz, Ernesto Rodrigo (2013), "Un Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) basal del Mioceno temprano de Patagonia" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 30: 186–195, retrieved 2017-10-20
Chiquimil Formation
  • Esteban, G.; Nasif, N.; Georgieff, S.M. (2014), "Cronobioestratigrafía del Mioceno tardío – Plioceno temprano, Puerta de Corral Quemado y Villavil, provincia de Catamarca, Argentina" (PDF), Acta Geológica Lilloana, 26: 165–192, retrieved 2018-09-10
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  • Mautino, Lilia R.; Anzótegui, Luisa M., Polen de la Formación Chiquimil, en la Localidad Vallecito (Mioceno Superior) Provincia de Catamarca (PDF), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, pp. 1–3, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Morton, L.S.; Herbst, R., Gastrópodos (Orthalicidae) de la Formación Chiquimil (Mioceno) de Villavil, Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina (PDF), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, pp. 1–3, retrieved 2017-08-15
Collón Curá Formation
  • Abello, María Alejandra; Rubilar Rogers, David (2012), "Revisión del género Abderites Ameghino, 1887 (Marsupialia, Paucituberculata)", Ameghiniana, 49 (2): 164–184, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i2(408), retrieved 2019-02-15
  • Dalla Salda, Luis; Franzese, Juan (2014), "Las megaestructuras del Macizo y Cordillera Norpatagónica argentina y la génesis de las cuencas volcano-sedimentarias terciarias", Revista Geológica de Chile, 31: 3–13, retrieved 2018-09-04
  • Escosteguy, Leonardo; Franchi, Mario (2010), "Estratigrafía de la región de Chapelco, Provincia del Neuquén" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 66: 418–429, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Nardoni, Bárbara Vera; Reguero, Marcelo; González Ruiz, Laureano (2017), "The Interatheriinae notoungulates from the middle Miocene Collón Curá Formation in Argentina", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 62 (4): 845–863, retrieved 2019-02-12
Deseado Formation
  • Agnolin, Federico (2006), "Posición sistemática de algunas aves fororracoideas (Ralliformes: Cariamae) Argentinas", Revista del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, 8: 27–33, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.8.348, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Forasiepi, Analía M.; Babot, M. Judith; Zimicz, Natalia (2014), "Australohyaena antiqua (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta), a large predator from the Late Oligocene of Patagonia", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 13 (6): 503–525, doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.926403, hdl:11336/59430, retrieved 2019-02-12
Divisadero Largo Formation
La Ensenada Formation
  • Góis, Flávio; González Ruiz, Laureano Raúl; Scillato Yané, Gustavo Juan; Soibelzon, Esteban (2015), "A Peculiar New Pampatheriidae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Cingulata) from the Pleistocene of Argentina and Comments on Pampatheriidae Diversity", PLoS ONE, 10 (6): e0128296, Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1028296G, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128296, PMC 4470999, PMID 26083486
  • Picasso, Mariana B.J.; Degrange, Federico J. (2009), "El género Nothura (Aves, Tinamidae) en el Pleistoceno (Formación Ensenada) de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina", Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 26: 428–432, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Tonni, E.P. (1999), "The Ensenada and Buenos Aires formations (Pleistocene) in a quarry near La Plata, Argentina" (PDF), Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 12 (3): 273–291, Bibcode:1999JSAES..12..273T, doi:10.1016/S0895-9811(99)00021-8, retrieved 2018-09-10
Las Flores Formation, Sierra del Tontal
  • Cerdeño, Esperanza; Pérez, María E.; Deschamps, Cecilia M.; Contreras, Víctor H. (2019), "A new capybara from the late Miocene of San Juan Province, Argentina, and its phylogenetic implications" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 64: 1–14, retrieved 2019-02-11
Las Flores Formation, Golfo San Jorge Basin
  • Goin, F. J.; Candela, A.M.; Abello, M.A.; Oliveira, E.V. (2009), "Earliest South American paucituberculatans and their significance in the understanding of 'pseudodiprotodont' marsupial radiations", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155 (4): 867–884, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00471.x, retrieved 2019-02-15
  • Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno Superior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256, retrieved 2017-10-18
  • Ugalde, Raúl; Bostelmann, Enrique; Oyarzún, José Luis (2013), Stratigraphic review of the Las Flores Formation, Sierra Baguales, Última Esperanza Province, Magallanes, GeoSur Conference IV Viña del Mar, pp. 355–358, retrieved 2019-02-11
Fortín Tres Pozos Formation
  • Soibelzon, Leopoldo Héctor (2010), "Primer registro fósil de Procyon cancrivorus (G. Cuvier, 1798) (Carnivora, Procyonidae) en la Argentina" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 27: 313–319, retrieved 2018-09-03
  • Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo; Miño Boilini, Ángel Ramón; Carlini, Alfredo Armando; Iriondo, Martín; Alcaraz, María Alejandra (2009), "Paleontología del Chaco Oriental. Una nueva localidad con mamíferos fósiles pleistocenos en el río Bermejo (Formosa, Argentina)" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 26: 277–288, retrieved 2018-09-03 Archived 2018-09-04 at the Wayback Machine
Gaiman Formation
  • Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina (2007), "Revisión sistemática de Palaeospheniscus biloculata (Simpson) nov. comb. (Aves, Spheniscidae) de la Formación Gaiman (Mioceno Temprano), Chubut, Argentina", Ameghiniana, 44: 417–426, retrieved 2018-09-11
  • Viglino, Mariana; Buono, Mónica R.; Gutstein, Carolina S.; Cozzuol, Mario A.; Cuitiño, José I. (2018), "A new dolphin from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina: Insights into the evolution of Platanistoidea in the Southern Hemisphere" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 63 (2): 261–277, doi:10.4202/app.00441.2017, retrieved 2019-02-11
Geste Formation
  • Ciancio, Martín R; Herrera, Claudia; Aramayo, Alejandro; Payrola, Patricio; Babot, Judith (2016), "Diversity of cingulate xenarthrans in the middle–late Eocene of Northwestern Argentina" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 61: 575–590, doi:10.4202/app.00208.2015, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • García López, D.A.; Babot, M.J. (2014), "Notoungulate faunas of north-western Argentina: new findings of early-diverging forms from the Eocene Geste Formation", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 13 (7): 557–579, doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.930527, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • López, Guillermo; Bond, Mariano (1995), "Un nuevo Notopithecinae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) del Terciario Inferior de la Puna argentina [A new Notopithecinae (Notoungulata, Typotheria) of Lower Tertiary from the argentinian Puna]", STVD. Geol. Salmant., 31: 87–99, retrieved 2018-09-10
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation
  • Reichler, Valeria A (2010), "Estratigrafía y paleontología del Cenozoico marino del Gran Bajo y Salinas del Gualicho, Argentina, y descripción de 17 especies nuevas" (PDF), Andean Geology, 31: 177–219, retrieved 2018-09-11
Hernandarias Formation
  • Segovia, Román (2014), Micropaleontología del Cuaternario del sector austral del litoral, Argentina (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 1–372, retrieved 2019-02-12
Huayquerías Formation
  • Forasiepi, Analía M.; MacPhee, Ross D.E.; Hernández del Pino, Santiago; Schmidt, Gabriela I.; Amson, Eli; Grohé, Camille (2016), "Exceptional skull of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the Late Miocene of Argentina: anatomy, systematics and paleobiological implications" (PDF), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 404: 1–76, doi:10.1206/0003-0090-404.1.1, retrieved 2018-10-01
  • Garrido, Alberto C.; Bonini, Ricardo; Barbeau, David L. (2017), Paleoambiente, edad y vertebrados de la Formación Huayquerías, Mioceno tardio, Provincia de Mendoza, Republica Argentina, XX Congreso Geológico Argentino, pp. 50–55, retrieved 2018-09-10
Huitrera Formation
India Muerta Formation
  • García López, Daniel A.; Barbot, M. Judith (2015), "A late Miocene Argyrolagidae (Mammalia, Metatheria, Bonapartheriiformes) from northwestern Argentina", Ameghiniana, 52 (3): 314–323, doi:10.5710/AMGH.17.02.2015.2876, hdl:11336/50746, retrieved 2017-08-15
La Invernada Formation
  • Combina, Ana María; Sánchez, María Lidia (2003), "Análisis sedimentológico de la Formación La Invernada, Pleistoceno Tardío-Holoceno, pedemonte de las Sierras de Comechingones, Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina" (PDF), Revista Asociación Argentina de Sedimentología, 10: 123–135, retrieved 2019-02-12
Ituzaingó Formation
  • Brandoni, Diego (2014), "A new genus of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Miocene of Argentina", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 17 (1): 33–42, doi:10.4072/rbp.2014.1.04, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Franco, María Jimena; Brea, Mariana; Orfeo, Óscar; Zucol, Alejandro F. (2013), "La paleoflora de la Formación Ituzaingó, Argentina" (PDF), El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial, 14: 41–55, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Scillato Yané, Gustavo J.; Góis, Flávio; Zurita, Alfredo E.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; González Ruiz, Laureano R.; Krmpotic, Cecilia M.; Oliva, Cristian; Zamorano, Martín (2013), "Los Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) del "Conglomerado Osífero" (Miocene tardío) de la Formación Ituzaingó de Entre Ríos, Argentina" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina Publicación Especial, 14: 118–134, retrieved 2018-10-01
Koluel Kaike Formation
  • Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256, retrieved 2017-08-15
Laguna Brava Formation
  • Vizán, H.; Geuna, S.; Melchor, R.; Bellosi, E.S.; Lagorio, S.L.; Vásquez, C.; Japas, M.S.; Ré, G.; Do Campo, M. (2013), "Geological setting and paleomagnetism of the Eocene red beds of Laguna Brava Formation (Quebrada Santo Domingo, northwestern Argentina)", Tectonophysics, 583: 105–123, Bibcode:2013Tectp.583..105V, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.10.026, hdl:11336/84532
Laguna del Hunco Formation
  • Wilf, Peter; Johnson, Kirk R.; Cúneo, N. Rubén; Smith, M. Elliot; Singer, Bradley S.; Gandolfo, Maria A. (2005), "Eocene Plant Diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina" (PDF), The American Naturalist, 135 (6): 634–650, doi:10.1086/430055, PMID 15937744, retrieved 2017-10-26
Lefipán Formation
  • Goin, Francisco & Rosendo Pascual, Marcelo F. Tejedor, Javier N. Gelfo, Michael O. Woodburne, Judd A. Case, Marcelo A. Reguero, Mariano Bond, Guillermo M. López, Alberto L. Cione, Daniel Udrizar Sautheir, Lucía Balarino, Roberto A. Scassos, Francisco A. Medina and María C. Ubaldón (2006), "The earliest Tertiary therian mammal from South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26 (2): 505–510, doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[505:TETTMF]2.0.CO;2, retrieved 2017-10-26{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Leticia Formation
  • Clarke, J.A.; Olivero, E.B.; Puerta, P. (2003), "Description of the earliest fossil penguin from South America, and first Paleogene vertebrate locality of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina" (PDF), American Museum Novitates (3423): 1–18, doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2003)423<0001:DOTEFP>2.0.CO;2, hdl:11336/94973, retrieved 2019-02-20
Loma de Las Tapias Formation
  • Deschamps, Cecilia M.; Vieytes, Emma C.; Olivares, A. Itatí; Vucetich, María G. (2009), "Primer registro de Cardiatherium chasicoense (Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae) fuera del área pampeana (Argentina) y su valor bioestratigráfico", Ameghiniana, 46: 295–305, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Mones, Álvaro (2014), "Contrerascynus, new name for Simpsonia Contreras, 1990 (Mammalia, Sparassodonta, Hathlyacynidae), non Rochebrune, 1904 (Bivalvia, Unionidae), non Baker, 1911 (Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae)" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 17 (3): 435–436, doi:10.4072/rbp.2014.3.12, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Olivares, A. Itatí; Verzi, Diego H.; Contreras, Victor H.; Pessôa, Leila (2016), "A new Echimyidae (Rodentia, Hystricomorpha) from the late Miocene of southern South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 37 (1): e1239204, doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1239204, retrieved 2019-02-12
Luján Formation
  • Blasi, Adriana (2010), "Paleoambientes de la cuenca media del Río Luján (Buenos Aires, Argentina) durante el último periodo glacial (EIO 4-2)" (PDF), Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis, 17: 85–111, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Fucks, Enrique; Blasi, Adriana; Carbonari, Jorge; Huarte, Roberto; Pisano, Florencia; Aguirre, Marina (2011), "Evolución geológica y geomorfológica de la cuenca del Río Areco, NE de la Provincia de Buenos Aires" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 68: 109–120, retrieved 2018-09-10
Lumbrera Formation
  • Deraco, Virginia; García López, Daniel A. (2015), "A new Eocene Toxodontia (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from northwestern Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (1): e1037884, doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1037884, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Herrera, Claudia M. R.; Powell, Jaime E.; Esteban, Graciela I.; Del Papa, Cecilia (2017), "A New Eocene Dasypodid with Caniniforms (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from Northwest Argentina", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 24 (3): 275–288, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9345-x, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Del Papa, Cecilia E (2006), "Estratigrafía y paleoambientes de la Formación Lumbrera, Grupo Salta, Noroeste argentino" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 61: 313–327, retrieved 2017-08-15
Maimará Formation
  • Abello, María Alejandra; De los Reyes, Martín; Candela, Adriana Magdalena; Pujos, François; Voglino, Damián; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino (2015), "Description of a new species of Sparassocynus (Marsupialia: Didelphoidea: Sparassocynidae) from the late Miocene of Jujuy (Argentina) and taxonomic review of Sparassocynus heterotopicus from the Pliocene of Bolivia", Zootaxa, 3937 (1): 147–160, doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3937.1.7, hdl:11336/48565, PMID 25947465, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Bonini, Ricardo A.; Schmidt, Gabriela I.; Reguero, Marcelo A.; Cerdeño, Esperanza; Candela, Adriana M.; Solís, Natalia (2017), "First record of Toxodontidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the late Miocene–early Pliocene of the southern central Andes, NW Argentina", Journal of Paleontology, 91 (3): 566–576, Bibcode:2017JPal...91..566B, doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.160, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Pujos, François; Candela, Adriana; Galli, Claudia I.; Coiras, Beatriz L.; Reguero, Marcelo A.; de los Reyes, Martín; Abello, María Alejandra (2012), "The Scelidotherine Proscelidodon (Xenarthra: Mylodontidae) from the Late Miocene of Maimará (Northwestern Argentina, Jujuy Province)" (PDF), Ameghiniana, 49 (4): 668–674, doi:10.5710/AMGH.20.11.2012.593, retrieved 2018-10-01
Maíz Gordo Formation
  • Narváez, Paula Liliana (2009), Palinoestratigrafía, paleoambientes y cambios climáticos durante el Cretácico final y Paleógeno de la Cuenca del Grupo Salta, República Argentina (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de Salta, pp. 1–229, retrieved 2017-10-18
Mariño Formation
  • Cerdeño, Esperanza; Vera, Bárbara; Combina, Ana María (2018), "A new early Miocene Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from the Mariño Formation (Argentina): Taxonomic and biostratigraphic implications", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 88: 118–131, Bibcode:2018JSAES..88..118C, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2018.06.016, hdl:11336/158508, retrieved 2019-02-11
  • Cerdeño, Esperanza; Guiomar Vucetich, M. (2007), "The first rodent from the Mariño Formation (Miocene) at Divisadero Largo (Mendoza, Argentina) and its biochronological implications" (PDF), Andean Geology, 34: 199–207, doi:10.5027/andgeoV34n2-a02, retrieved 2017-10-23
Mealla Formation
  • Sánchez, María Cristina; Marquillas, Rosa A. (2010), "Facies y ambientes del Grupo Salta (Cretácico-Paleógeno) en Tumbaya, Quebrada de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 383–391, retrieved 2018-09-07
Miramar & San Andrés Formations
  • Gaudioso, P.J.; Gasparini, G.M.; Herbst, R.; Bárquez, R.M. (2017), "First record of the Neolicaphrium recens Frenguelli, 1921 (Mammalia, Litopterna) in the Pleistocene of Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina" (PDF), Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 57 (3): 23–29, doi:10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.03, retrieved 2019-02-28
  • Isla, Federico; Taglioretti, Matías; Dondas, Alejandro (2015), "Revisión y nuevos aportes sobre la estratigrafía y sedimentología de los acantilados entre Mar de Cobo y Miramar, Provincia de Buenos Aires" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 72: 235–250, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Olivares, A.I.; Verzi, D.H. (2015), "Systematics, phylogeny and evolutionary pattern of the hystricognath rodent Eumysops (Echimyidae) from the Plio–Pleistocene of southern South America", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 27 (8): 1042–1061, retrieved 2019-02-13
Monte Hermoso Formation
  • Agnolin, Federico L.; Bogan, Sergio; Tomassini, Rodrigo L.; Manera, Teresa (2014), "Nuevo Percichthyidae (Teleostei, Percoidei) del Plioceno temprano de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) y sus implicancias biogeográficas" (PDF), Revista del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, 16: 19–31, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.16.159, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Albino, Adriana M.; Rodrigo, Tomassini; Brizuela, Santiago (2009), "Presencia del lagarto teiido Tupinambis en la FormaciónMonte Hermoso de Farola Monte Hermoso, sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina)", Ameghiniana, 46: 177–187, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Barbière, Franck; Ortiz, Pablo E.; Pardiñas, Ulyses F.J. (2019), "The oldest sigmodontine rodent revisited and the age of the first South American cricetids", Journal of Paleontology, 93 (2): 368–384, Bibcode:2019JPal...93..368B, doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.74, retrieved 2019-02-11
  • Bogan, Sergio; Agnolin, Federico L. (2009), "Primer registro fósil de la familia Trichomycteridae (Teleostei: Siluriformes; Plioceno) en la Formación Monte Hermoso, Argentina" (PDF), Revista del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, 11: 193–198, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.11.259, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Nicoli, Laura (2015), "New fossil species of the extant genus Lepidobatrachus (Anura, Ceratophryidae) from the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene of central Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35 (5): e981636, Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E1636N, doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.981636, hdl:11336/46258, retrieved 2019-02-13
Monte León Formation
  • Náñez, Carolina; Quattrocchio, Mirta E.; Ruiz, Liliana (2009), "Palinología y micropaleontología de las Formaciones San Julián y Monte León (Oligoceno - Mioceno temprano) en el subsuelo de cabo Curioso, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina", Ameghiniana, 46: 669–693, retrieved 2017-08-15
El Morterito Formation
  • Morton, Lourdes S.; Herbst, Rafael (2007), "Gastrópodos de la Formación El Morterito (Mioceno Superior), Valle del Cajón, provincia de Catamarca, Argentina", Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 9: 153–160, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.9.305, retrieved 2018-09-10
Palo Pintado Formation
  • Anzótegui, Luisa M.; Horn, Maricel Yarina (2011), "Megaflora de la Formación Palo Pintado (Mioceno Superior) Salta, Argentina Parte II" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 14 (3): 239–254, doi:10.4072/rbp.2011.3.04, retrieved 2017-10-22
  • Galli, Claudia Inés; Anzótegui, Luisa Matilde; Horn, Maricel Yanina; Morton, Lourdes Susana (2011), "Paleoambiente y paleocomunidades de la Formación Palo Pintado (Mioceno-Plioceno), Provincia de Salta, Argentina" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 28: 161–174, retrieved 2017-10-22
  • Reguero, Marcelo A.; Candela, Adriana M.; Galli, Claudia I.; Bonini, Ricardo; Voglino, Damián (2015), "A new Hypsodont Notoungulate (Hegetotheriidae, Pachyrukhinae) from the late Miocene of the Eastern Cordillera, Salta province, Northwest of Argentina" (PDF), Andean Geology, 42: 56–70, doi:10.5027/andgeoV42n1-a04, retrieved 2017-08-15
Paraná Formation
  • Brea, Mariana; Franco, María Jimena; Zucol, Alejandro F. (2013), "Paleoflora de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno Tardío), Cuenca Chaco-Paranaense, Argentina" (PDF), El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial, 14: 41–55, retrieved 2018-09-03
  • Cione, Alberto Luis; Cabrera, Daniel Alfredo; Barla, María Julia (2012), "Oldest record of the Great White Shark (Lamnidae, Carcharodon; Miocene) in the Southern Atlantic" (PDF), Geobios, 45 (2): 167–172, Bibcode:2012Geobi..45..167C, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2011.06.002, hdl:11336/139163, retrieved 2017-10-22[permanent dead link]
  • Martín Pérez, Leandro (2013), Sistemática, tafonomía y paleoecología de los invertebrados de la Formación Paraná (Mioceno), Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 1–398, retrieved 2017-08-15
Peñas Coloradas Formation
  • Clyde, William C.; Wilf, Peter; Iglesias, Ari; Slingerland, Rudy L.; Bijl, Peter K.; Bralower, Timothy J.; Brinkhuis, Henk; Comer, Emily; Huber, Mauricio Ibañez Mejia, Brian R. Jicha, J. Marcelo Krause, Jonathan D. Schueth, Bradley S. Singer, María Sol Raigemborn, Mark D. Schmitz, Appy Sluijs, and María del Carmen Zamaloa, Brian T. (2014), "New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations" (PDF), GSA Bulletin, 126 (3–4): 289–306, Bibcode:2014GSAB..126..289C, doi:10.1130/B30915.1, retrieved 2017-08-15{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Archived 2018-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
  • Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256, retrieved 2017-08-15
Pinturas Formation
  • Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Bond, Mariano (2005), "Los Litopterna (Mammalia) de la Formación Pinturas, Mioceno Temprano-Medio de Patagonia", Ameghiniana, 42: 611–625, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Kramarz, Alejandro G (2001), Estudio de la fauna de roedores de la Formación Pinturas, Mioceno medio inferior de la Provincia de Santa Cruz (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad de Buenos Aires, pp. 1–300, retrieved 2017-08-15
Piquete Formation
  • González Bonorino, Gustavo; Abascal, Liliana del Valle (2012), "Orogénesis y drenaje en la región del Valle de Lerma (Cordillera Oriental, Salta, Argentina) durante Pleistoceno tardio" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 69: 127–141, retrieved 2018-10-01
Playa de Los Lobos Allo Formation
  • Degrange, Federico J.; Tambussi, Claudia P.; Taglioretti, Matías L.; Dondas, Alejandro; Scaglia, Fernando (2015), "A new Mesembriornithinae (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) provides new insights into the phylogeny and sensory capabilities of terror birds", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35 (2): e912656, Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E2656D, doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.912656, retrieved 2019-02-13
Puerta del Diablo Formation
  • Cione, Alberto Luis; Casciotta, Jorge Rafael; Azpelicueta, María de las Mercedes; Barla, María Julia; Cozzuol, Mario Alberto (2005), "Peces marinos y continentales del Mioceno del área mesopotámica argentina. Edad y relaciones biogeográficas" (PDF), Insugeo, 14: 49–64, retrieved 2017-10-27
Puerto Madryn Formation
  • Acosta Hospitaleche, C.; Tambussi, C.; Donato, M.; Cozzuol, M. (2007), "A new Miocene penguin from Patagonia and its phylogenetic relationships" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 52: 299–314, retrieved 2017-10-25
  • Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina (2003), "Paraptenodytes antarcticus (Aves: Sphenisciformes) en la Formación Puerto Madryn (Mioceno Tardío temprano), provincia de Chubut, Argentina [Paraptenodytes antarcticus (Aves: Sphenisciformes) in the Puerto Madryn Formation (early Late Mioceno), Chubut Province, Argentina]" (PDF), Española de Paleontología, 18: 179–183, retrieved 2018-09-11
Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation
  • Chornogubsky, Laura; Zimicz, A. Natalia; Goin, Francisco J.; Fernicola, Juan C.; Payrola, Patricio; Cárdenas, Magalí (2019), "New Palaeogene metatherians from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province, Argentina)", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 17 (7): 539–555, Bibcode:2019JSPal..17..539C, doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1417333, retrieved 2018-10-01
  • García López, Daniel A.; Deraco, Virginia; Del Papa, Cecilia (2017), "Fossil mammals of the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation (late middle Eocene) at the locality of La Poma, Salta Province, Argentina", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 30 (4): 507–517, Bibcode:2018HBio...30..507G, doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1299150, hdl:11336/63085, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Del Papa, Cecilia (2013), "Relaciones estratigráficas de las formaciones Quebrada de Los Colorados y Angastaco (Paleógeno-Neógeno), Valles Calchaquíes, Salta (Argentina): Significado en el análisis de la cuenca del Grupo Payogastilla" (PDF), Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis, 20: 51–64, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Payrola Bosio, Patricio Augusto; del Papa, Cecilia; Hongn, Fernando; Powell, Jaime (2010), "Estratigrafía del Valle de Luracatao (Valle Calchaquí, Noroeste Argentino): Nueva propuesta" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 309–318, retrieved 2018-09-07
Río Chico Group
  • Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno inferior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256, retrieved 2017-08-15
Río Foyel Formation
  • Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Griffin, Miguel; Asensio, Marcos; Cione, Alberto Luis; Tambussi, Claudia (2013), "Middle Cenozoic penguin remains from the Patagonian Cordillera" (PDF), Andean Geology, 40: 490–503, retrieved 2017-10-26
  • Encinas, Alfonso; Folguera, Andrés; Bechis, Florencia; Finger, Kenneth L.; Zambrano, Patricio; Pérez, Felipe; Bernabé, Pablo; Tapia, Francisca; Riffo, Ricardo; Buatois, Luis; Orts, Darío; Nielsen, Sven N.; Valencia, Victor V.; Cuitiño, José; Oliveros, Verónica; De Girolamo Del Mauro, Lizet; Ramos, Victor A. (2018). "The Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Marine Transgression of Patagonia". The Evolution of the Chilean-Argentinean Andes. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 443–474. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67774-3_18. ISBN 978-3-319-67773-6.
Río Loro Formation
  • Pol, Diego; Powell, Jaime E. (2011), "A new sebecid mesoeucrocodylian from the Rio Loro Formation (Palaeocene) of north-western Argentina", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 163: S7–S36, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00714.x
Río Mayo Formation
  • Escosteguy, Leonardo; Dal Molín, Carlos; Franchi, Mario; Guena, Silvena; Lapido, Omar; Genini, Adolfo (2003), Hoja Geológica 4772-II Lago Buenos Aires, Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales, Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino, pp. 1–80, retrieved 2018-09-10
Río Negro Formation
  • Pérez, Mariano (2012), Análisis paleoambiental del miembro superior de la Formación Río Negro (Mioceno-Plioceno de Patagonia septentrional): un ejemplo de interacción fluvio-eólica compleja (BSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, pp. 1–47, retrieved 2018-09-10
Río Quinto Formation
  • Cerdeño, Esperanza; Chiesa, Jorge; Ojeda, Guillermo (2008), "Presence of Oxyodontherium (Macraucheniidae, Litopterna)in the Río Quinto Formation, San Luis (Argentina)", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 25 (2): 217–226, Bibcode:2008JSAES..25..217C, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2007.06.004, retrieved 2017-08-15
Saladillo Formation
  • Brambilla, Luciano; Ibarra, Damián Alberto (2017), "A new species of Eutatus Gervais (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) from the Late Pleistocene of the Northern Pampean Region, Argentina", Palaeontologia Electronica, 20 (1): Article number 20.1.13A, retrieved 2019-02-11
Salamanca Formation
  • Apesteguia, Sebastián; Gómez, Raúl O.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (2014), "The youngest South American rhynchocephalian, a survivor of the K/Pg extinction", Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281 (1792): 20140811, doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0811, PMC 4150314, PMID 25143041
  • Bonaparte, J.F.; Morales, J. (1997), "Un primitico Notonychopidae (Litopterna) del paleoceno inferior de Punta Peligro, Chubut, Argentina" (PDF), Estudios Geológicos, 53 (5–6): 263–274, doi:10.3989/egeol.97535-6232, retrieved 2018-10-01
  • Clyde, William C.; Wilf, Peter; Iglesias, Ari; Slingerland, Rudy L.; Barnum, Timothy; Bijl, Peter K.; Bralower, Timothy J.; Brinkhuis, Henk; Comer, Brian T. Huber, Mauricio Ibañez Mejia, Brian R. Jicha, J. Marcelo Krause, Jonathan D. Schueth, Bradley S. Singer, María Sol Raigemborn, Mark D. Schmitz, Appy Sluijs, María del Carmen Zamaloa, Emily E. (2014), "New age constraints for the Salamanca Formation and lower Río Chico Group in the western San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction recovery and land mammal age correlations" (PDF), GSA Bulletin, 126 (3–4): 289–306, Bibcode:2014GSAB..126..289C, doi:10.1130/B30915.1, retrieved 2017-08-15{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Archived 2018-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
  • Jud, Nathan A.; Gandolfo, Maria A.; Iglesias, Ari; Wilf, Peter (2017), "Flowering after disaster: Early Danian buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) flowers and leaves from Patagonia", PLOS ONE, 12 (5): e0176164, Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1276164J, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176164, PMC 5425202, PMID 28489895
  • Ruiz, Daniela P.; Brea, Mariana; Raigemborn, M. Sol; Matheos, Sergio D. (2017), "Conifer woods from the Salamanca Formation (early Paleocene), Central Patagonia, Argentina: Paleoenvironmental implications", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 76: 427–445, Bibcode:2017JSAES..76..427R, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2017.04.006, hdl:11336/41178, retrieved 2019-02-14
Saldungaray Formation
  • Verzi, Diego H.; Montalvo, Claudia I.; Deschamps, Cecilia M. (2008), "Biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Late Miocene of central Argentina: Evidence from rodents and taphonomy", Geobios, 41 (1): 145–155, Bibcode:2008Geobi..41..145V, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2006.09.005, retrieved 2017-08-15
Salicas Formation
  • Brandoni, Diego; Schmidt, Gabriela I.; Candela, Adriana M.; Noriega, Jorge I.; Brunetto, Ernesto; Fiorelli, Lucas E. (2012), "Mammals from the Salicas Formation (Late Miocene), La Rioja Province, Northwestern Argentina: Paleobiogeography, age and paleoenvironment" (PDF), Ameghiniana, 49 (3): 1–13, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i3(467), retrieved 2017-08-15
Santa Cruz Formation
  • Agnolin, Federico L (2009), Sistemática y Filogenia de las Aves Fororracoideas (Gruiformes, Cariamae) (PDF), Fundación de Historia Natural Felix de Azara, pp. 1–79, retrieved 2019-02-28
  • Arnal, M.; Vucetich, M.G. (2015), "Revision of the fossil rodent Acaremys Ameghino, 1887 (Hystricognathi, Octodontoidea, Acaremyidae) from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina) and the description of a new acaremyid", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 27 (1): 42–59, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Bostelmann, J. Enrique; Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Vásquez, Ana; Gutiérrez, Néstor M.; Oyarzún, José Luis; Carreño, Catalina; Torres, Teresa; Otero, Rodrigo; Llanos, C. Mark Fanning, Francisco Hervé, Andrea (2013), "Burdigalian deposits of the Santa Cruz Formation in the Sierra Baguales, Austral (Magallanes) Basin: Age, depositional environment and vertebrate fossils" (PDF), Andean Geology, 40: 458–489, retrieved 2019-02-28{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Brea, Mariana; Zucol, Alejandro F.; Bargo, M. Susana; Fernicola, Juan Carlos; Vizcaíno, Sergio F. (2017), "First Miocene record of Akaniaceae in Patagonia (Argentina): a fossil wood from the early Miocene Santa Cruz formation and its palaeobiogeographical implications", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 183 (3): 334–347, doi:10.1093/botlinnean/bow014, retrieved 2019-02-28
  • Buffetaut, Éric (2016), "A reassessment of the giant birds Liornis floweri Ameghino, 1895 and Callornis giganteus Ameghino, 1895, from the Santacrucian (late Early Miocene) of Argentina", Palæovertebrata, 40 (2): e3, doi:10.18563/pv.40.2.e3, retrieved 2019-02-28
  • Cenizo, Marcos Martín; Agnolín, Federico Lisandro (2010), "The southernmost records of Anhingidae and a new basal species of Anatidae (Aves) from the lower–middle Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina", Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, 34 (4): 493–514, Bibcode:2010Alch...34..493C, doi:10.1080/03115511003793504, retrieved 2019-02-28
  • Chandler, Robert M (2012), "A new species of tinamou (Aves: Tinamiformes, Tinamidae) from the Early-Middle Miocene of Argentina" (PDF), PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 9 (2): 1–8, retrieved 2019-02-28 Archived 2017-03-18 at the Wayback Machine
  • Ercoli, Marcos D.; Prevosti, Francisco J. (2011), "Estimación de masa de las especies de Sparassodonta (Mammalia, Metatheria) de edad Santacrucense (Mioceno Temprano) a partir del tamaño del centroide de los elementos apendiculares: inferencias paleoecológicas", Ameghiniana, 48 (4): 462–479, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v48i4(347), retrieved 2019-02-28 Archived 2013-12-12 at the Wayback Machine
  • González, Laureano Raúl; Scillato Yané, Gustavo Juan (2008), "Una nueva especie de Stegotherium Ameghino (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae, Stegotheriini) del Mioceno de la provincia de Santa Cruz (Argentina)", Ameghiniana, 45: 641–648, retrieved 2019-02-28
  • Mayr, Gerald; Noriega, Jorge I. (2015), "A well-preserved partial skeleton of the poorly known early Miocene seriema Noriegavis santacrucensis" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 60: 589–598, retrieved 2019-02-28
  • Muñoz, Nahuel A.; Toledo, Néstor; Candela, Adriana M.; Vizcaíno, Sergio F. (2019), "Functional morphology of the forelimb of Early Miocene caviomorph rodents from Patagonia", Lethaia, 52 (1): 91–106, Bibcode:2019Letha..52...91M, doi:10.1111/let.12292, retrieved 2019-02-28
  • Noriega, Jorge I.; Mayr, Gerald (2017), "The systematic affinities of the putative seriema Noriegavis santacrucensis (Noriega et al., 2009) from the Miocene of Argentina", Contribuciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 7: 133–139
  • Noriega, Jorge I.; Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Bargo, Susana (2009), "First Record and a New Species of Seriema (Aves: Ralliformes: Cariamidae) from Santacrucian (Early-Middle Miocene) Beds of Patagonia", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29 (2): 620–626, Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..620N, doi:10.1671/039.029.0216, retrieved 2019-02-28
  • Sinclair, W.; Farr, M. (1932), "Aves of the Santa Cruz beds", Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia (1896–1899), 7: 157–191
  • Verzi, Diego H.; Olivares, A. Itatí; Morgan, Cecilia C. (2017), "Systematics and evolutionary significance of the small Abrocomidae from the early Miocene of southern South America", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 29 (3): 411–422, Bibcode:2017HBio...29..411V, doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1168410, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • {{citation |last1=Vizcaíno |first1=Sergio F. |last2=Kay |first2=Richard F. |last3=Bargo |first3=Susana |year=2012 |title=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Ce0uINITb4C |publisher=[[Cambridge University|Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521194617 |pages=1–370 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}
Sarmiento Formation & Colhué Huapí Member
  • Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Tambussi, Claudia (2005), "Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Aves) en la Formación Sarmiento de la localidad de Gran Hondonada (Eoceno Superior), Patagonia, Argentina [Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Birds) in the Sarmiento Formation from the Gran Hondonada locality (Upper Eocene), Patagonia, Argentina]" (PDF), Revista Española de Paleontología, 20: 127–132, retrieved 2018-09-10 Archived 2021-01-22 at the Wayback Machine
  • Arnal, Michelle; Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Vucetich, M. Guiomar; Vieytes, E. Carolina (2014), "A new early Miocene octodontoid rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha) from Patagonia (Argentina) and a reassessment of the early evolution of Octodontoidea", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34 (2): 397–406, Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..397A, doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.808203, hdl:11336/29748, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Cheme Arriaga, Lucas; Dozo, María Teresa; Gelfo, Javier N. (2016), "A new Cramaucheniinae (Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (6): e1229672, Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E9672C, doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1229672, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Dozo, María Teresa; Ciancio, Martín; Bouza, Pablo; Martínez, Gastón (2014), "Nueva asociación de mamíferos del Paleógeno en el este de la Patagonia (provincia de Chubut, Argentina): implicancias biocronológicas y paleobiogeográficas" (PDF), Andean Geology, 41: 224–247, doi:10.5027/andgeoV41n1-a09, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Pérez, María Encarnación; Krause, Marcelo; Vucetich, María Guiomar (2012), "A new species of Chubutomys (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the late Oligocene of Patagonia and its implications on the early evolutionary history of Cavioidea sensu stricto", Geobios, 45 (6): 573–580, Bibcode:2012Geobi..45..573P, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2012.06.001
  • Shockey, Bruce J.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Gans, Phillip; Wyss, André R. (2012), "New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina : comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses", American Museum Novitates (3737): 1–64, doi:10.1206/3737.2, retrieved 2019-02-15
  • Sterli, Juliana; De la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Krause, J. Marcelo (2015), "A new turtle from the Palaeogene of Patagonia (Argentina) sheds new light on the diversity and evolution of the bizarre clade of horned turtles (Meiolaniidae, Testudinata)", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 174 (3): 519–548, doi:10.1111/zoj.12252, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Vucetich, M.G.; Dozo, M.T.; Arnal, M.; Pérez, M.E. (2015), "New rodents (Mammalia) from the late Oligocene of Cabeza Blanca (Chubut) and the first rodent radiation in Patagonia", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 27 (2): 236–257, Bibcode:2015HBio...27..236V, doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.883506, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Vucetich, María G.; Pérez, María E.; Ciancio, Martín R.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Madden, Richard H.; Kohn, Matthew J. (2014), "A new acaremyid rodent (Caviomorpha, Octodontoidea) from Scarritt Pocket, Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Patagonia (Argentina)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34 (3): 689–698, Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..689V, doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.804414, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Wyss, André R.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A. (2018), "New Paleogene notohippids and leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 3903: 1–42, hdl:2246/6901, retrieved 2019-02-11
Toro Negro Formation
  • Ciccioli, Patricia L (2017), "Estudios de procedencia de la Formación Toro Negro a partir de modas detríticas y edades U-Pb en circones detríticos: implicancias para la evolución del Antepaís Fracturado Andino (La Rioja)" (PDF), Anales de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 69: 68–82, retrieved 2018-09-10
Uquía Formation
  • Daza, J.D.; Abdala, V.; Arias, J.S.; García López, D.; Ortiz, P. (2012), "Cladistic Analysis of Iguania and a Fossil Lizard from the Late Pliocene of Northwestern Argentina", Journal of Herpetology, 46: 104–119, doi:10.1670/10-112, hdl:11336/61054
  • Ortiz, Pablo E.; Jayat, J. Pablo; Steppan, Scott J. (2012), "A New fossil phyllotine (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) from the late Pliocene in the Andes of northern Argentina" (PDF), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 32 (6): 1429–1441, Bibcode:2012JVPal..32.1429O, doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.707998, hdl:11336/10594, retrieved 2019-02-15
  • Reguero, Marcelo A.; Candela, Adriana M. (2008), Bioestratigrafía de las secuencias neógenas tardías de la Quebrada de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy. Implicancias paleoambientales y paleobiogeográficas, Relatorio del XVII Congreso Geológico Argentino, pp. 286–296, retrieved 2018-09-10
Vaca Mahuida Formation
  • Montalvo, C.; Bond, M. (1998), "Un notoungulata de la Formación Vaca Mahuida (Eoceno), provincia de La Pampa, Argentina", Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial, 5: 55–60, retrieved 2019-02-15
Ventana Formation
  • Petrulevicius, J.F.; Popov, Y.A. (2014), "First fossil record of Discocephalinae (Insecta, Pentatomidae): a new genus from the middle Eocene of Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina", ZooKeys (422): 23–3, Bibcode:2014ZooK..422...23P, doi:10.3897/zookeys.422.6750, PMC 4109444, PMID 25061387, retrieved 2019-02-22
  • Wilf, P.; Johnson, K.R.; Cúneo, N.R.; Smith, M.E.; Singer, B.S.; Gandolfo, M.A. (2005), "Eocene Plant Diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina", The American Naturalist, 165 (6): 634–650, doi:10.1086/430055, PMID 15937744, retrieved 2019-02-22
Vorohué Formation
  • Olivares, A.I.; Verzi, D.H. (2015), "Systematics, phylogeny and evolutionary pattern of the hystricognath rodent Eumysops (Echimyidae) from the Plio–Pleistocene of southern South America", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 27 (8): 1042–1061, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Orgeira, María Julia (1988), Estudio geológico y paleomagnético de los sedimentos asignados al cenozoico tardío aflorantes costeros entre Mar del Plata y Miramar (Provincia de Buenos Aires) (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad de Buenos Aires, pp. 1–170, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Tonni, Eduardo P.; Noriega, Jorge I. (1996), "Una nueva especie de Nandayus Bonaparte, 1854 (Aves: Psittaciformes) del Pliocene tardío de Argentina" (PDF), Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 69: 97–104, retrieved 2017-10-24
Yupoí Formation
  • Erra, Georgina; Osterrieth, Margarita; Zurita, Alfredo E.; Lutz, Alicia I.; Laffont, Enrique; Coronel, Juan M.; Francia, Analia (2016), "Primer registro de termiteros fósiles para el Pleistoceno tardío de la región mesopotámica (Argentina): implicancias paleoambientales" (PDF), Acta Biológica Colombiana, 21: 63–72, retrieved 2018-09-10

Bolivia

  • Marshall, Larry G.; Sempere, Thierry (1991), "The Eocene to Pleistocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: A review", Revista técnica de YPFB, 12: 631–652, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Renner, Sven; Velasco, Carlos (2000), Geología e hidrogeología del Valle Central de Cochabamba - Geology and hydrogeology of the Central Valley of Cochabamba (PDF), Convenio alemán-boliviano de aguas subterraneas (CABAS) - German-Bolivian Agreement on Groundwater (CABAS), pp. 1–113, retrieved 2018-09-04
  • Rocha, Emilio (2013), Estilos estructurales del Subandino Sur de Bolivia (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad de Buenos Aires, pp. 1–204, retrieved 2018-09-10
Casira Formation
  • Cerdeño, Esperanza; Vera, Bárbara; Schmidt, Gabriela Inés; Pujos, François; Mamaní Quispe, Bernardino (2012), "An almost complete skeleton of a new Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from the Late Miocene of Casira, Bolivia", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 10 (2): 341–360, Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..341C, doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.569576, hdl:11336/60297, retrieved 2019-02-15
Cerdas beds
  • Croft, Darin A.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Ciancio, Martín R.; Brandoni, Diego; Drew, Nicholas E.; Engelman, Russell K.; Anaya, Federico (2016), "New mammal faunal data from Cerdas, Bolivia, a middle-latitude Neotropical site that chronicles the end of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum in South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (5): e1163574, Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E3574C, doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1163574, retrieved 2019-02-12
Honda Group
  • Croft, Darin A (2007), "The Middle Miocene (Laventan) Quebrada Honda Fauna, southern Bolivia and a description of its Notoungulates", Palaeontology, 50 (1): 277–303, Bibcode:2007Palgy..50..277C, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00610.x, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Engelman, Russell K.; Anaya, Federico; Croft, Darin A. (2018), "Australogale leptognathus, gen. et sp. nov., a second species of small sparassodont (Mammalia: Metatheria) from the middle Miocene locality of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, in press: _, retrieved 2018-10-01
  • Engelman, Russell K.; Anaya, Federico; Croft, Darin A. (2016), "New palaeothentid marsupials (Paucituberculata) from the middle Miocene of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia, and their implications for the palaeoecology, decline and extinction of the Palaeothentoidea", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 15 (10): 787–820, doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1240112, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Pujos, François; De Iuliis, Gerardo; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino; Andrade Flores, Ruben (2014), "Lakukullus anatisrostratus, gen. et sp. nov., a new massive nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Pilosa) from the middle Miocene of Bolivia", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34 (5): 1243–1248, Bibcode:2014JVPal..34.1243P, doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.849716, hdl:11336/32146, retrieved 2019-02-12
Lacayani fauna
  • Billet, Guillaume; De Muizon, Christian; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino (2008), "Late Oligocene mesotheriids (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from Salla and Lacayani (Bolivia): implications for basal mesotheriid phylogeny and distribution", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 152: 153–200, doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00388.x, retrieved 2018-09-11
Ñuapua Formation
  • Pardiñas, Ulyses F.J.; Galliari, Carlos A. (1998), "Sigmodontinos (Rodentia, Muridae) del Holoceno inferior de Bolivia" (PDF), Revista Española de Paleontología, 13: 17–25, retrieved 2018-09-03
Quehua Formation
  • Baldellón P., Eddy; Fornari, Michel; Espinoza R., Félix; Soler, Pierre (1994), Sucesión Estructural de la Zona Serranía de las Minas (PDF), Memorias del XI Congreso Geológico de Bolivia, pp. 238–247, retrieved 2017-10-25
Salla Formation
  • Reguero, Marcelo A.; Cerdeño, Esperanza (2005), "New late Oligocene Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from Salla, Bolivia", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25 (3): 674–684, doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0674:NLOHMN]2.0.CO;2, retrieved 2018-09-11
  • Rincón, Ascanio D.; Shockey, Bruce J.; Anaya, Federico; Solórzano, Andrés (2015), "Palaeothentid Marsupials of the Salla Beds of Bolivia (Late Oligocene): Two New Species and Insights into the Post-Eocene Radiation of Palaeothentoids", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 22 (4): 455–471, doi:10.1007/s10914-015-9295-8, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Shockey, Bruce J (2017), "New early diverging cingulate (Xenarthra: Peltephilidae) from the Late Oligocene of Bolivia and considerations regarding the origin of crown Xenarthra", Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 58 (2): 371–396, retrieved 2019-02-12
Santa Lucía Formation
  • Buffetaut, É.; Marshall, L.G. (1991), A new crocodilian, Sebecus querejazus, nov. sp. (Mesosuchia, Sebecidae) from the Santa Lucía Formation (Early Paleocene) at Vila Vila, Southern Bolivia, Revista Técnica de YPFB, pp. 545–557
  • Gaffney, Eugene S.; Meylan, Peter A.; Wood, Roger C.; Simons, Elwyn; De Almeida Campos, Diogenes (2011), "Evolution of the side-necked turtles: the family Podocnemididae" (PDF), AMNH Bulletin, 350: 1–237, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Gayet, Mireille; Marshall, Larry G.; Sempere, Thierry (1991), "The Mesozoic and Paleocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: a review", Revista técnica de YPFB, 12: 393–433, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Jiménez, Grisel (2012), Estratigrafía, facies y ambientes evolutivos de depósito del Paleógeno Inferior: Formación Santa Lucía (Sinclinal de Miraflores - Sección Cayara, Potosí) (PDF), ., pp. 1–23, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • De Muizon, Christian; Ladevèze, Sandrine; Selva, Charlène; Vignaud, Robin; Goussard, Florent (2018), "Allqokirus australis (Sparassodonta, Metatheria) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia) and the rise of the metatherian carnivorous radiation in South America", Geodiversitas, 40 (16): 363–459, doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a16, retrieved 2019-02-11
  • Rage, J.C. (1991), "Gymnophionan Amphibia from the early Paleocene (Santa Lucía Formation) of Tiupampa (Bolivia). The oldest known Gymnophiona", Revista técnica de YPFB, 12: 499–501, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Rage, J.C. (1991), "Squamate Reptiles from the early Paleocene of Tiupampa area (Santa Lucía Formation), Bolivia", Revista técnica de YPFB, 12: 503–508, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Renner, Sven; Velasco, Carlos (2000), "Geología e hidrogeología del Valle Central de Cochabamba" (PDF), Boletín del Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, 34: 1–113, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Sempere, Thierry; Butler, R.F.; Richards, D.R.; Marshall, L.G.; Sharp, W.; Swisher, C.C. (1997), "Stratigraphy and chronology of Upper Cretaceous-lower Paleogene strata in Bolivia and northwest Argentina" (PDF), GSA Bulletin, 109 (6): 709–727, Bibcode:1997GSAB..109..709S, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0709:SACOUC>2.3.CO;2, retrieved 2017-08-15
Tarija Formation
  • Machado, Leonardo F.; Leite, Yuri L.R.; Christoff, Alexandre U.; Giugliano, Lilian G. (2014), "Phylogeny and biogeography of tetralophodont rodents of the tribe Oryzomyini (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae)", Zoologica Scripta, 43 (2): 119–130, doi:10.1111/zsc.12041, retrieved 2019-02-12
Umala Formation
  • Pujos, François; De Iuliis, Gerardo; Mamani Quispe, Bernardino; Adnet, Sylvain; Flores, Ruben Andrade; Billet, Guillaume; Fernández Monescillo, Marcos; Marivaux, Laurent; Münch, Philippe, Mercedes B. Prámparo and Pierre-Olivier Antoine (2016), "A new nothrotheriid xenarthran from the early Pliocene of Pomata-Ayte (Bolivia): new insights into the caniniform–molariform transition in sloths", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 178 (3): 679–712, doi:10.1111/zoj.12429, retrieved 2019-02-12{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Yecua & Petaca Formations
  • Hernández, R.; Jordan, T.; Dalenz Farjat, A.; Echavarría, L.; Idelman, B.; Reynolds, J. (2002), Edades, distribución, controles tectónicos y eustáticos de las ingresiones marinas paranense y caribeana en el sur de Bolivia y Argentina (PDF), V Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología, pp. 1–27, retrieved 2018-09-10

Brazil

  • Rêgo Henriques, Deise Dias; Gallo da Silva, Valéria; Barbosa de Carvalho, Luciana; Kugland de Azevedo, Sergio Alex, Coleçao de tipos e figurados (8/1997) (PDF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, pp. 1–20, retrieved 2017-08-15
Entre-Corrégos Formation
  • Pereira, Karoline Gonçalves (2015), Mirtáceas da formação Entre-Corrégos, paleógeno da bacia de Aiuruoca, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil (MSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidade Guarulhos, pp. 1–139, retrieved 2017-08-15
Fonseca Formation
  • Mendes, Márcio; de Oliveira, Francisco Irineudo Bezerra; Limaverde, Saulo (2015), "Um novo gênero e duas novas espécies de Pergidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) na Formação Fonseca (Bacia de Fonseca, Paleógeno) Minas Gerais, Brazil", Revista de Geologia, 28: 27–36, retrieved 2018-09-10
Graxaim Formation
  • Buchmann, Francisco Sekiguchi de Carvalho; Caron, Felipe; Pereira Lopes, Renato; Ugri, André; Gonçalves de Lima, Leonardo (2009), Panorama geológico da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, _, pp. 11–32, retrieved 2019-02-12
Guabirotuba Formation
  • Sedor, Fernando A.; Oliveira, Édison V.; Silva, David D.; Fernandes, Luiz A.; Cunha, Renata F.; Ribeiro, Ana M.; Dias, Eliseu V. (2017), "A New South American Paleogene Land Mammal Fauna, Guabirotuba Formation (Southern Brazil)" (PDF), Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 24: 39–55, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9364-7, retrieved 2017-10-26
Içá Formation
  • Czaplewski, Nicholas J.; Campbell, Kenneth E. Jr. (2017), "Late Miocene Bats from the Jurua River, State of Acre, Brazil, with a Description of a New Genus of Thyropteridae (Chiroptera, Mammalia)" (PDF), Contributions in Science, 525: 55–60, doi:10.5962/p.318347, retrieved 2019-02-12
Itaboraí Formation
  • Carneiro, Leonardo M.; Oliveira, Édison V.; Goin, Francisco J. (2018), "Austropediomys marshalli gen. et sp. nov., a new Pediomyoidea (Mammalia, Metatheria) from the Paleogene of Brazil: paleobiogeographic implications" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 21 (2): 120–131, doi:10.4072/rbp.2018.2.03, retrieved 2018-10-01
  • Carneiro, Leonardo M. (2018), "A new protodidelphid (Mammalia, Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia) from the Itaboraí Basin and its implications for the evolution of the Protodidelphidae" (PDF), Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 91 (Suppl. 2): e20180440, doi:10.1590/0001-3765201820180440, PMID 30365721, retrieved 2019-02-11 Archived 2019-02-12 at the Wayback Machine
  • Oliveira, Édison Vicente; Zimicz, Natalia; Goin, Francisco J. (2016), "Taxonomy, affinities, and paleobiology of the tiny metatherian mammal Minusculodelphis, from the early Eocene of South America", The Science of Nature, 103 (1–2): 1–6, Bibcode:2016SciNa.103....6O, doi:10.1007/s00114-015-1331-2, PMID 26743194, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • De Oliveira, Édison Vicente; Goin, Francisco J. (2015), "A new species of Gaylordia Paula Couto (Mammalia, Metatheria) from Itaboraí, Brazil", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 18 (1): 97–108, doi:10.4072/rbp.2015.1.07, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Oliveira, Édison V.; Goin, Francisco J. (2011), "A reassessment of Bunodont Metatherians from the Paleogene of Itaboraí (Brazil): systematics and age of the Itaboraian SALMA" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 14 (2): 105–136, doi:10.4072/rbp.2011.2.01, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Salvador, R.B.; Simone, L.R.L. (2013), "Taxonomic revision of the fossil pulmonate mollusks of Itaboraí Basin (Paleocene), Brazil" (PDF), Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 53 (2): 5–46, retrieved 2017-10-01
Maria Farinha Formation
  • De Araújo Carvalho, Anny Rafaela; Ghilardi, Aline Marcele; Franca Barreto, Alcina Magnólia (2016), "A new side-neck turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Early Paleocene (Danian) Maria Farinha Formation, Paraíba Basin, Brazil", Zootaxa, 4126: 491–513, retrieved 2017-08-15
Pirabas Formation
  • De Araújo Távora, Vladimir; Rodrigues dos Santos, André Augusto; Neto Araújo, Raphael (2010), "Localidades fossilíferas da Formação Pirabas (Mioceno Inferior)" (PDF), Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 5 (2): 207–224, doi:10.46357/bcnaturais.v5i2.644, retrieved 2017-08-15
Rio Madeira Formation
  • Góis, Flávio; Scillato Yané, Gustavo Juan; Carlini, Alfredo Armando; Ubilla, Martín (2012), "Una nueva especie de Holmesina Simpson (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Pampatheriidae) del Pleistoceno de Rondônia, sudoeste de la Amazonia, Brasil" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 15 (2): 211–227, doi:10.4072/rbp.2012.2.09, retrieved 2019-02-15
Santa Vitória Formation
  • Oliveira, Édison V.; Prevosti, Francisco Juan; Pereira, Jamil C. (2005), "Protocyon troglodytes (Lund) (Mammalia, Carnivora) in the Late Pleistocene of Rio Grande do Sul and their paleoecological significance" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 8: 215–220, retrieved 2019-02-12
Solimões Formation
  • Bocquentin, Jean; Melo, Janira (2006), "Stupendemys souzai sp. nov. (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) from the Miocene-Pliocene of the Solimões Formation, Brazil" (PDF), Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 9 (2): 187–192, doi:10.4072/rbp.2006.2.02, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Carvalho, Patricia; Bocquentin, Jean; De Lapparent de Broin, France (2002), "Une nouvelle espèce de Podocnemis (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) provenant du Néogène de la formation Solimões, Acre, Brésil", Geobios, 35 (6): 677–686, Bibcode:2002Geobi..35..677C, doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00081-5, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Cozzuol, Mario Alberto (2006), "The Acre vertebrate fauna: Age, diversity, and geography", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21 (3): 185–203, Bibcode:2006JSAES..21..185C, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2006.03.005, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Kerber, Leonardo; Bissaro Júnior, Marcos César; Negri, Francisco R.; De Souza Filho, Jonas Pereira; Guilherme, Edson; Schmaltz Hsiou, Annie (2017), "A new rodent (Caviomorpha: Dinomyidae) from the upper Miocene of southwestern Brazilian Amazonia" (PDF), Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 30 (7): 985–993, Bibcode:2018HBio...30..985K, doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1327529, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Kerber, Leonardo; Negri, Francisco Ricardo; Ribeiro, Ana Maria; Vucetich, Maria Guiomar; De Souza Filho, Jonas Pereira (2016), "Late Miocene potamarchine rodents from southwestern Amazonia, Brazil—with description of new taxa" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 61 (1): 191–203, retrieved 2019-02-12
Touro Passo Formation
  • Kerber, Leonardo; Gregis Pitana, Vanessa; Ribeiro, Ana Maria; Schmaltz Hsiou, Annie; Oliveira, Edison V. (2014), "Late Pleistocene vertebrates from Touro Passo Creek (Touro Passo Formation), southern Brazil: a review" (PDF), Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 31: 248–259, retrieved 2017-08-15
Tremembé Formation
  • Do Couto Ribeiro, Graziella (2010), Avaliação morfológica, taxonômica e cronológica dos mamíferos fósseis da Formação Tremembé (Bacia de Taubaté), Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, pp. 1–112
  • Malabarba, Maria Claudia; Lundberg, John G. (2007), "A fossil loricariid catfish (Siluriformes: Loricarioidea) from the Taubaté Basin, eastern Brazil", Neotropical Ichthyology, 5 (3): 263–270, doi:10.1590/S1679-62252007000300005, retrieved 2018-10-08
  • Olson, Storrs L.; Alvarenga, Herculano M.F. (2002), "A new genus of small teratorn from the Middle Tertiary of the Taubate Basin, Brazil (Aves: Teratornithidae)" (PDF), Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115: 701–705, retrieved 2017-09-04

Chile

Abanico Formation
  • Bertrand, Ornella C.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Wyss, André R. (2012), "Two new taxa (Caviomorpha, Rodentia) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna (Chile)", American Museum Novitates (3750): 1–36, doi:10.1206/3750.2, retrieved 2019-02-15
  • Bradham, Jennifer; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Wyss, Andre R. (2015), "New notoungulates (Notostylopidae and basal toxodontians) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile", American Museum Novitates (3841): 1–24, doi:10.1206/3841.1, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Croft, Darin A.; Flynn, John J.; Wyss, André R. (2008), "The Tinguiririca fauna of Chile and the early stages of "modernization" of South American mammal faunas" (PDF), Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 66: 191–211, retrieved 2019-02-12 Archived 2018-09-06 at the Wayback Machine
  • Engelman, Russell K.; Flynn, John J.; Gans, Philip; Wyss, André R.; Croft, Darin A. (2018), "Chlorocyon phantasma, a late Eocene borhyaenoid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Los Helados locality, Andean Main Range, central Chile", American Museum Novitates (3918): 1–22, doi:10.1206/3918.1, retrieved 2019-02-11
  • Godoy, Estanislao (2012), "Sobre el variable marco geotectónico de las formaciones Abanico y Farellones y sus equivalentes al sur de los 35°LS", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 69: 570–577, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Muñoz, Marcia; Fuentes, Francisco; Vergara, Mario; Aguirre, Luis; Nyström, Jan Olov; Féraud, Gilbert; Demant, Alain (2006), "Abanico East Formation: petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks behind the Cenozoic arc front in the Andean Cordillera, central Chile (33°50'S)", Revista Geológica de Chile, 33: 109–140, doi:10.4067/S0716-02082006000100005, retrieved 2017-08-15
Bahía Inglesa Formation
  • Achurra, L.E.; Lacassie, J.P.; Le Roux, J.P.; Marquadt, C.; Belmar, M.; Ruiz Del Solar, J.; Ishman, S.E. (2009), "Manganese nodules in the Miocene Bahía Inglesa Formation, north-central Chile: Petrography, geochemistry, genesis and palaeoceanographic significance" (PDF), Sedimentary Geology, 217 (1): 128–139, Bibcode:2009SedG..217..128A, doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.03.016, retrieved 2017-08-15 Archived 2017-10-26 at the Wayback Machine
  • Achurra, L.; Marquadt, C.; Lacassie, J.P.; Le Roux, J.P. (2003), Nódulos de Mn de la Formación Bahía Inglesa: geoquímica, génesis e implicancias paleoambientales (PDF), X Congreso Geológico Chileno, pp. 1–10, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-26, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Canto, Jhoann (2005), "Primer registro de cráneos asignados a Palaeospheniscus (Aves, Spheniscidae) procedentes de la Formación Bahía Inglesa (Mioceno Medio-Tardío), Chile" (PDF), Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 78: 489–495, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Benson, Richard D (2015), "A new species of penguin from the late Miocene of Chile, with comments on the stratigraphic range of Palaeospheniscus" (PDF), Scientific Publications of the Science Museum of Minnesota, New Series, 8 (4): 5–22, retrieved 2019-02-13 Archived 2021-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
  • Chávez Hoffmeister, Martín Felipe (2008), La ornitofauna de la Formación Bahía Inglesa, Caldera, Chile (MSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad Austral de Chile, pp. 1–165, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Chávez, Martín F (2007), "Sobre la presencia de Paraptenodytes y Palaeospheniscus (Aves: Sphenisciformes) en la Formación Bahía Inglesa, Chile" (PDF), Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 80 (2): 255–259, doi:10.4067/S0716-078X2007000200010, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Chávez, Martín (2007), "Spheniscus megaramphus Stucchi et al. 2003 (Aves: Sphenisciformes) en la Formación Bahía Inglesa, Chile", Boletín Sociedad Geológica del Perú, 102: 101–107, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Achurra, Luciano; Henríquez, Álvaro; Carreño, Catalina; Rivera, Huber; Suárez, Mario E.; Ishman, Scott E.; Pyenson, Nicholas D.; Gutstein, Carolina S. (2016), "Oroclinal bending of the Juan Fernández Ridge suggested by geohistory analysis of the Bahía Inglesa Formation, north-central Chile" (PDF), Sedimentary Geology, 333: 32–49, Bibcode:2016SedG..333...32L, doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.12.003, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Achurra, Luciano; Henríquez, Álvaro; Carreño, Catalina; Rivera, Huber (2015), Lithostratigraphy, depositional environments and tectonic setting of the Bahía Inglesa Formation west of Copiapó, north-central Chile (PDF), XIV Congreso Geológico Chileno, pp. 821–824, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-26, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Oyanadel Urbina, Pablo; Carrillo Briceño, Jorge; Villafaña, Jaime; Castelleto, Victor; Varas, Cristian; Alballay, Alex; Rivadeneira, Marcelo (2015), Nuevo registro de familias de peces óseos en Formación Bahía Inglesa (PDF), XIV Congreso Geológico Chileno, pp. 1–4, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-26, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Staig, Felipe; Hernández, Sebastián; López, Patricio; Villafaña, Jaime A.; Varas, Cristian; Soto, Luis Patricio; Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D. (2015), "Late Neogene Elasmobranch fauna from the Coquimbo Formation, Chile", Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 18 (2): 261–272, doi:10.4072/rbp.2015.2.07, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Suárez, Mario E (2011), Línea de base paleontológica proyecto Puerto Santa Fe (PDF), Comuna de Caldera Región de Atacama, pp. 1–29, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Valenzuela Toro, Ana; Gutstein, Carolina S., "Mamíferos marinos fósiles (excepto Cetacea) de Formación Bahía Inglesa: Registro, implicancias paleoambientales y perspectivas de estudio" (PDF), ., .: 770–772, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-26, retrieved 2017-08-15
Caleta Herradura Formation
  • Di Celma, Claudio; Cantalamessa, Gino (2007), "Sedimentology and high-frequency sequence stratigraphy of a forearc extensional basin: The Miocene Caleta Herradura Formation, Mejillones Peninsula, northern Chile", Sedimentary Geology, 198 (1–2): 29–52, Bibcode:2007SedG..198...29D, doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.11.003
Chíu-Chíu Formation
  • López Mendoza, Patricio; Rojas, Osvaldo; Mansilla, Pablo; Olivares, Luis; Martínez, Ismael (2010), "Mamíferos extintos del Pleistoceno de la Cuenca de Calama (Segunda Región, Chile). Viejas colecciones y nuevos hallazgos", Treballs del Museo Geológico de Barcelona, 17: 11–25, retrieved 2017-08-15
Chucal Formation
  • Croft, Darin A.; Flynn, John J.; Wyss, André R. (2007), "A new basal Glyptodontid and other Xenarthra of the Early Miocene Chucal Fauna, northern Chile", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 21 (4): 781–797, doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[781:ANBGAO]2.0.CO;2, retrieved 2017-08-15
Coquimbo Formation
  • Le Roux, J.P.; Olivares, Danisa M.; Nielsen, Sven N.; Smith, Norman D.; Middleton, Heather; Fenner, Juliane; Ishman, Scott E. (2006), "Bay sedimentation as controlled by regional crustal behaviour, local tectonics and eustatic sea-level changes: Coquimbo Formation (Miocene–Pliocene), Bay of Tongoy, central Chile" (PDF), Sedimentary Geology, 184 (1–2): 133–153, Bibcode:2006SedG..184..133L, doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.09.023, retrieved 2018-05-20
Cura-Mallín Group
  • Flynn, John J.; Charrier, Reynaldo; Croft, Darin A.; Gans, Phillip B.; Herriott, Trystan M.; Wertheim, Jill A.; Wyss, André R. (2008), "Chronologic implications of new Miocene mammals from the Cura-Mallín and Trapa Trapa formations, Laguna del Laja area, south central Chile" (PDF), Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 26 (4): 412–423, Bibcode:2008JSAES..26..412F, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2008.05.006, retrieved 2017-10-20
  • Shockey, Bruce J.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Gans, Phillip; Wyss, André R. (2012), "New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina : comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses", American Museum Novitates (3737): 1–64, doi:10.1206/3737.2, retrieved 2019-02-15
  • Utgé, Silvana; Folguera, Andrés; Litvak, Vanesa; Ramos, Víctor A. (2009), "Geología del sector norte de la Cuenca de Cura Mallín en las Lagunas de Epulaufquen, Neuquén", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 64 (2): 231–248, retrieved 2017-10-01
Horcón Formation
  • Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; González Barba, Gerardo; Landaeta, Mauricio F.; Nielsen, Sven N. (2013), "Condrictios fósiles del Plioceno Superior de la Formación Horcón, Región de Valparaíso, Chile central" (PDF), Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 86 (2): 191–206, Bibcode:2013RvCHN..86..191C, doi:10.4067/S0716-078X2013000200008, retrieved 2017-10-24
Huaylas Formation
  • García, Marcelo; Herail, Gérard; Charrier, Reynaldo (1999), Age and structure of the Oxaya Anticline: A major feature of the Miocene compressive structures of northernmost Chile (PDF), Fourth ISAG conference, Goettingen, Germany, pp. 249–252, retrieved 2018-09-04
  • Montoya Sanhueza, Germán; Moreno, Karen; Bobe, René; Carrano, Matthew T.; García, Marcelo; Corgne, Alexandre (2017), "Peltephilidae and Mesotheriidae (Mammalia) from late Miocene strata of Northern Chilean Andes, Caragua", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 75: 51–65, Bibcode:2017JSAES..75...51M, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2017.01.009, retrieved 2019-02-12
Loreto Formation
  • Bostelmann, Enrique; Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Vasquez, Ana; Gutiérrez, Nestor; Oyarzún, José Luis; Carreño, Catalina; Torres, Teresa; Otero, Rodrigo; Llanos, C. Mark Fanning, Sven N. Nielsen and Francisco Hervé, Andrea (2012), A revised lithostratigraphy of the Sierra Baguales, Magallanes Basin (PDF), XIII Congeso Geológico Chileno, pp. 698–700, archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-03, retrieved 2019-02-15{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Otero, Rodrigo A.; Torres, Teresa; Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Hervé, Francisco; Fanning, C. Mark; Yuri Yáñez, Roberto E.; Rubilar Rogers, David (2012), "A Late Eocene age proposal for the Loreto Formation (Brunswick Peninsula, southernmost Chile), based on fossil cartilaginous fishes, paleobotany and radiometric evidence" (PDF), Andean Geology, 39: 180–200, doi:10.5027/andgeoV39N1-a09, retrieved 2019-02-15
  • Sallaberry, M.A.; Yury Yáñez, R.E.; Otero, R.A.; Soto Acuña, S.; Torres, T.G. (2010), "Eocene birds from the western margin of southernmost South America" (PDF), Journal of Paleontology, 84 (6): 1061–1070, Bibcode:2010JPal...84.1061S, doi:10.1666/09-157.1, retrieved 2019-02-15
  • Torres, T.; Meón, H.; Otero, R.; Galleguillos, H. (2009), Palinoflora y macroflora de la Formación Loreto, Punta Arenas, Región de Magallanes, Chile (PDF), XII Congreso Geológico Chileno, pp. 1–4, retrieved 2019-02-15
Navidad Formation
  • Finger, Kenneth L.; Nielsen, Sven N.; DeVries, Thomas J.; Encinas, Alfonso; Peterson, Dawn E. (2007), "Paleontologic evidence for sedimentary displacement in Neogene forearc basins of central Chile" (PDF), PALAIOS, 22 (1): 3–16, Bibcode:2007Palai..22....3F, doi:10.2110/palo.2005.p05-081r, retrieved 2017-08-15
La Portada Formation
  • Chávez, Martín F. (2008), Los pingüinos fósiles de Sudamérica, I Simposio - Paleontología Chile - 2008, pp. 116–120, retrieved 2018-05-20
Río Baguales Formation
  • Le Roux, Jacobus P.; Puratich, Jacqueline; Mourgues, F. Amaro; Oyarzún, José Luis; Otero, Rodrigo A.; Torres, Teresa; Hervé, Francisco (2010), "Estuary deposits in the Río Baguales Formation (Chattian-Aquitanean), Magallanes Province, Chile" (PDF), Andean Geology, 37: 329–344, retrieved 2017-10-25
Río Frías Formation
  • Abello, María Alejandra; Rubilar Rogers, David (2012), "Revisión del género Abderites Ameghino, 1887 (Marsupialia, Paucituberculata)", Ameghiniana, 49 (2): 164–184, doi:10.5710/AMGH.v49i2(408), retrieved 2019-02-15
  • Bellosi, Eduardo S. (2014), Ambientes asociados a la fauna Friasense (Mioceno Medio) en Alto río Cisnes (Aysén, Chile), XIV Reuñión Argentina de Sedimentología, pp. 40–41, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Bostelmann, J.E. (2012), The Alto Río Cisnes Fossil Fauna (Río Frías Formation, Early-Middle Miocene, Friasian SALMA): A keystone and paradigmatic vertebrate assemblage of the South American Fossil Record, III Simposio Paleontología en Chile, pp. 44–45, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Marshall, Larry G. (1990), "Fossil Marsupialia from the type Friasian land mammal age (Miocene), Alto Río Cisnes, Aisén, Chile", Revista Geológica de Chile, 17: 19–55, retrieved 2017-10-21
  • Marshall, Larry G.; Salinas, Patricia (1990), "Stratigraphy of the Río Frías Formation (Miocene) along the Alto Río Cisnes, Aisén, Chile", Revista Geológica de Chile, 17: 57–87, retrieved 2017-10-21

Colombia

Altiplano Cundiboyacense
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  • Amaya, Erika; Mariño, Jorge; Jaramillo, Carlos (2010), "Litofacies y ambientes de acumulación de la Formación Guaduas en al parte central de la Cordillera Oriental - implicaciones paleogeográficas", Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 32 (1): _, retrieved 2017-03-16
  • Bayona, Germán; Montenegro, Omar; Cardona, Agustín; Jaramillo, Carlos; Lamus, Felipe; Morón, Sara; Quiroz, Luiz; Ruíz, María C.; Valencia & Mauricio Parra, Victor (2010), "Estratigrafía, procedencia, subsidencia y exhumación de las unidades paleógenas en el Sinclinal de Usme, sur de la zona axial de la Cordillera Oriental - Stratigraphy, provenance, subsidence and exhumation of the Paleogene succession in the Usme Syncline, southern axial zone of the Eastern Cordillera" (PDF), Geología Colombiana, 35: 5–35, retrieved 2017-03-29
  • Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Cadena, Edwin; Hastings, Alexander; Rincón, Aldo F.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2008), "Vertebrate faunas from the Paleocene Bogotá Formation of northern Colombia (Abstract)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 68th Annual Meeting: _, retrieved 2017-03-29
  • Cadena, Edwin A (2014), "The fossil record of turtles in Colombia; a review of the discoveries, research and future challenges" (PDF), Acta Biológica Colombiana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 19 (3): 333–339, doi:10.15446/abc.v19n3.42223, retrieved 2017-03-29
  • Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo (1992), Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana, Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros, pp. 1–20
  • Head, Jason J.; Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Rincón, Aldo F.; Moreno Bernal, Jorge W. (2012), "Paleogene Squamates from the Northern neotropics: Ecological Implications and Biogeographic Histories (Abstract)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 72nd Annual Meeting of the Society of vertebrate Paleontology, At Raleigh, North Carolina: _, retrieved 2017-03-29
  • Head, Jason J.; Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Rincón, Aldo F.; Bourque, Jason R.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2011), "An enigmatic derived snake from the earliest Eocene of equatorial South America (Abstract)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 71st Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV: _, retrieved 2017-03-29
  • Herrera, Fabiany; Manchester, Steven R.; Carvalho, Mónica R.; Jaramillo, Carlos; Wings, Scott L. (2014), "Paleocene wind-dispersed fruits and seeds from Colombia and their implications for early Neotropical rainforests" (PDF), Acta Paleobotanica, 54 (2): 197–229, doi:10.2478/acpa-2014-0008, retrieved 2017-03-29
  • Montoya Arenas, Diana María; Reyes Torres, Germán Alfonso (2005), Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–104
  • Villarroel, Carlos; Concha, Ana Elena; Macía, Carlos (2001), "El Lago Pleistoceno de Soatá (Boyacá, Colombia): Consideraciones estratigráficas, paleontológicas y paleoecológicas", Geología Colombiana, 26, Universidad Nacional de Colombia: 79–93
  • Villarroel A., Carlos (1987), "Características y afinadas de Etayoa n. gen., tipo de una nueva familia de Xenungulata (Mammalia) del Paleoceno Medio (?) de Colombia" (PDF), Comunicaciones Paleontológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 19: 241–254, retrieved 2017-03-29
Cesar-Ranchería Basin
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  • Cadena, Edwin A.; Schweitzer, Mary H. (2014), "A Pelomedusoid Turtle from the Paleocene–Eocene of Colombia Exhibiting Preservation of Blood Vessels and Osteocytes", Journal of Herpetology, 48 (4): 461–465, doi:10.1670/13-046, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Cadena, Edwin A.; Ksepka, Daniel T.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Bloch, Jonathan I. (2012a), "New pelomedusoid turtles from the late Palaeocene Cerrejón Formation of Colombia and their implications for phylogeny and body size evolution" (PDF), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 10 (2): 313–331, Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..313C, doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.569031, retrieved 2017-06-14
  • Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2012b), "New bothremydid turtle (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Paleocene of northeastern Colombia", Journal of Paleontology, 86 (4): 688–698, Bibcode:2012JPal...86..688C, doi:10.1666/11-128R1.1, retrieved 2017-06-14
  • Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2010), "New Podocnemidid Turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira) from the Middle-Upper Paleocene of South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 30 (2): 367–382, Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..367C, doi:10.1080/02724631003621946, retrieved 2017-06-14
  • Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2014), "A new blunt-snouted dyrosaurid, Anthracosuchus balrogus gen. et sp. nov. (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia), from the Palaeocene of Colombia" (PDF), Historical Biology, 27 (8): 998–1020, Bibcode:2015HBio...27..998H, doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.918968, retrieved 2017-06-14
  • Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2011), "A new longirostrine Dyrosaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Paleocene of north-eastern Colombia: Biogeographocal and behavioural implications for New-World Dyrosayridae" (PDF), Palaeontology, 54: 1095–1116, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01092.x, retrieved 2017-06-14
  • Head, J.J.; Bloch, J.I.; Hastings, A.K.; Bourque, J.R.; Cadena, E.A.; Herrera, F.A.; Polly, P.D.; Jaramillo, C.A. (2009), "Giant boid snake from the paleocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures", Nature, 457 (7230): 715–718, Bibcode:2009Natur.457..715H, doi:10.1038/nature07671, PMID 19194448, retrieved 2017-06-14
  • Herrera, Fabiany A.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Dilcher, David L.; Wing, Scott L.; Gómez N, Carolina (2008), "Fossil Araceae from a Paleocene neotropical rainforest in Colombia", American Journal of Botany, 95 (12): 1569–1583, doi:10.3732/ajb.0800172, PMID 21628164, retrieved 2017-06-14[permanent dead link]
  • Hernández, Marina (2003), Geología de la Plancha 48 La Jagua de Ibírico - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–102
  • Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Bayona, Germán; Pardo Trujillo, Andres; Rueda, Milton; Torres, Vladimir; Harrington, Guy J.; Mora, Germán (2007), "The palynology of the Cerrejón Formation (Upper Paleocene) of northern Colombia" (PDF), Palynology, 31 (1): 153–189, Bibcode:2007Paly...31..153J, doi:10.2113/gspalynol.31.1.153, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Ojeda Marulanda, Carolina; Sánchez Quiñónez, Carlos Alberto (2013), "Petrografía, petrología y análisis de procedencia de unidades paleógenas en las cuencas Cesar - Ranchería y Catatumbo" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 35: 67–80, retrieved 2017-06-14
  • Wing, Scott L.; Herrera, Fabiany; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Gómez Navarro, Carolina; Wilf, Peter; Labandeira, Conrad C. (2009), "Late Paleocene fossils from the Cerrejón Formation, Columbia ((sic)), are the earliest record of Neotropical rainforest", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106: 18627–18632, Bibcode:2009PNAS..10618627W, doi:10.1073/pnas.0905130106, PMID 19833876
Cocinetas Basin
  • Amson, Eli; Carrillo, Juan D.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2016), "Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange" (PDF), Palaeontology, 59 (4): 563–582, Bibcode:2016Palgy..59..563A, doi:10.1111/pala.12244, retrieved 2017-03-31
  • Cadena, Edwin; Jaramillo, Carlos (2015), "Early to middle Miocene turtles from the northernmost tip of South America: giant testudinids, chelids, and podocnemidids from the Castilletes Formation, Colombia" (PDF), Ameghiniana, 52 (2): 188–203, doi:10.5710/AMGH.10.11.2014.2835, retrieved 2017-08-08
  • Carrillo, Juan D.; Amson, Eli; Jaramillo, Carlos; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Quiroz, Luis; Cuartas, Carlos; Rincón, Aldo F.; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2018), "The Neogene record of northern South American native ungulates", Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 101: 1–67, retrieved 2019-02-11
  • Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; Argyriou, Thodoris; Zapata, Vladimir; Kindlimann, René; Jaramillo, Carlos (2016), "A New Early Miocene (Aquitanian) Elasmobranchii Assemblage from the la Guajira Peninsula, Colombia" (PDF), Ameghiniana, 53 (2): 77–99, doi:10.5710/AMGH.26.10.2015.2931, retrieved 2017-08-08
  • Hendy, Austin J.W.; Jones, Douglas S.; Moreno, Federico; Zapata, Vladimir; Jaramillo, Carlos (2015), "Neogene molluscs, shallow marine paleoenvironments, and chronostratigraphy of the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia" (PDF), Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 134 (1): 45–75, Bibcode:2015SwJP..134...45H, doi:10.1007/s13358-015-0074-1, retrieved 2017-08-08
  • Moreno, F.; Hendy, A.J.W.; Quiroz, L.; Hoyos, N.; Jones, D.S.; Zapata, V.; Zapata, S.; Ballen, G.A.; Cadena, A.L. Cárdenas, J.D. Carrillo Briceño, J.D. Carrillo, D. Delgado Sierra, J. Escobar, J.I. Martínez, C. Martínez, C. Montes, J. Moreno, N. Pérez, R. Sánchez, C. Suárez, M.C. Vallejo Pareja, C. Jaramillo, Edwin (2015), "Revised stratigraphy of Neogene strata in the Cocinetas Basin, La Guajira, Colombia" (PDF), Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 134 (1): 5–43, Bibcode:2015SwJP..134....5M, doi:10.1007/s13358-015-0071-4, retrieved 2017-08-08{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Moreno Bernal, Jorge W (2014), Fossil Crocodilians from the High Guajira Peninsula of Colombia, and the History of Neogene Crocodilian Diversity in Tropical South America, University of Nebraska, pp. 1–66, retrieved 2017-08-08
  • Pérez, María E.; Vallejo Pareja, María C.; Carrillo, Juan D.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2017), "A New Pliocene Capybara (Rodentia, Caviidae) from Northern South America (Guajira, Colombia), and its Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 24: 111–125, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9356-7, retrieved 2017-04-04
  • Suárez, Catalina; Forasiepi, AnalÍa M.; Goin, Francisco J.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2015), "Insights into the Neotropics Prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern Colombia" (PDF), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (1): e1029581, doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1029581, hdl:11336/53653, retrieved 2019-02-13
Barzalosa Formation
  • Acosta, Jorge E.; Guatame, Rafael; Caicedo A., Juan Carlos; Cárdenas, Jorge Ignacio (2002), Mapa Geológico de Colombia - Plancha 245 - Girardot - 1:100,000 - Memoria Explicativa, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–92
Gualanday Group
  • Billet, Guillaume; Orliac, Maëva; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Jaramillo, Carlos (2010), "New observations and reinterpretation on the enigmatic taxon Colombitherium (?Pyrotheria, Mammalia) from Colombia" (PDF), Palaeontology, 59 (2): 319–325, Bibcode:2010Palgy..53..319B, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00936.x, retrieved 2017-05-17
Honda Group
  • Cadena, Edwin; Jaramillo, Carlos; Páramo, María E. (2008), "New material of Chelus colombiana (Testudines; Pleurodira) from the Lower Miocene of Colombia" (PDF), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28 (4): 1206–1212, Bibcode:2008JVPal..28.1206C, doi:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1206, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Croft, Darin A (2007), "The Middle Miocene (Laventan) Quebrada Honda Fauna, southern Bolivia and a description of its Notoungulates", Palaeontology, 50 (1): 277–303, Bibcode:2007Palgy..50..277C, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00610.x, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Czaplewski, Nicolas J.; Takai, Masanaru; Naeher, Tiffany M.; Shigehara, Nobuo; Setoguchi, Takeshi (2003), "Additional bats from the middle Miocene La Venta fauna of Colombia" (PDF), Revista Académica Colombiana de Ciencias Naturales, XXVII: 263–282, retrieved 2017-05-04 Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine
  • Defler, Thomas (2004), Historia natural de los primates colombianos (PDF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, pp. 1–613, retrieved 2017-05-04 Archived 2014-09-10 at the Wayback Machine
  • Estes, Richard; Wassersug, Richard (1963), "A Miocene toad from Colombia, South America" (PDF), Breviora, 193: 1–13, archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-03-19, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • De la Fuente, Marcelo; Sterli, Juliana; Maniel, Ignacio (2013), Origin, Evolution and Biogeographic History of South American Turtles, Springer Science & Business Media, pp. 1–168, Bibcode:2014oebh.book.....D, ISBN 978-3-319-00518-8, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Hoffstetter, Robert (1971), Los vertebrados cenozóicos de Colombia: yacimientos, faunas, problemas planteados (PDF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, pp. 37–62, retrieved 2017-05-04 Archived 2017-04-06 at the Wayback Machine
  • Hsiou, Annie S.; Albino, Adriana M.; Ferigolo, Jorge (2010), "Reappraisal of the south American Miocene snakes of the genus Colombophis, with description of a new species", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 55 (3): 365–379, doi:10.4202/app.2009.1111
  • Kay, Richard F.; Madden, Richard H. (1997), "Mammals and rainfall: paleoecology of the middle Miocene at La Venta (Colombia, South America)", Journal of Human Evolution, 32 (2–3): 161–199, Bibcode:1997JHumE..32..161K, doi:10.1006/jhev.1996.0104, PMID 9061556, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Lundberg, John G.; Chernoff, Barry (1992), "A Miocene Fossil of the Amazonian Fish Arapaima (Teleostei, Arampaimidae) from the Magdalena River Region of Colombia - Biogeographic and Evolutionary Implications" (PDF), Biotropica, 24 (1): 2–16, Bibcode:1992Biotr..24....2L, doi:10.2307/2388468, JSTOR 2388468, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Marshall, Larry G (1976), "New Didelphine Marsupials from the La Venta Fauna (Miocene) of Colombia, South America", Journal of Paleontology, 50 (3): 402–418, JSTOR 1303521, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Meldrum, D.J.; Kay, R.F. (1997), "Nuciruptor rubricae, a new pitheciin seed predator from the Miocene of Colombia" (PDF), American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 102 (3): 407–427, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199703)102:3<407::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-R, PMID 9098507, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Miller, Alden H (1953), "A fossil Hoatzin from the Miocene of Colombia" (PDF), Auk, 70 (4): 484–495, doi:10.2307/4081360, JSTOR 4081360, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Organ, Jason M.; Lemelin, Pierre (2011), "Tail Architecture and Function of Cebupithecia sarmientoi, a Middle Miocene Platyrrhine from La Venta, Colombia", The Anatomical Record, 294 (12): 2013–2023, doi:10.1002/ar.21504, PMID 22042718
  • Pardo Jaramillo, Mauricio (2010), "Reporte de un nuevo ejemplar de Granastrapotherium snorki en el Valle Superior del Magdalena, Desierto de la Tatacoa, Huila. Colombia" (PDF), Revista Académica Colombiana de Ciencias Naturales, 34: 253–256, retrieved 2017-05-04 Archived 2014-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
  • Rasmussen, Tab (1997), Vertebrate paleontology in the neotropics - the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia, Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. _
  • Rosenberger, A.L.; Setoguchi, T.; Hartwig, W.C. (1991), "Laventiana annectens, new genus and species: fossil evidence for the origins of callitrichine New World monkeys", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88 (6): 2137–2140, Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.2137R, doi:10.1073/pnas.88.6.2137, PMC 51184, PMID 1900937
  • Setoguchi, Takeshi; Rosenberger, Alfred L. (1988), "A fossil owl monkey from La Venta, Colombia" (PDF), Kyoto University Overseas Research Reports of New World Monkeys, 6: 1–6, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Setoguchi, T (1985), "Kondous laventicus, a new ceboid primate from the Miocene of the La Venta, Colombia, South America", Folia Primatol, 44 (2): 96–101, doi:10.1159/000156200, PMID 4043876, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Suárez, Catalina; Forasiepi, Analía M.; Goin, Franciso J.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2015), "Insights into the Neotropics prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern Colombia" (PDF), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1029581: 1–10, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Takai, Masanaru; Anaya, Federico; Suzuki, Hisashi; Shigehara, Nobuo; Setoguchi, Takeshi (2001), "A New Platyrrhine from the Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia, and the Phyletic Position of Callicebinae", Anthropological Science, Tokyo, 109 (4): 289, doi:10.1537/ase.109.289
  • Takai, Masanaru; Setoguchi, Takeshi; Villarroel A., Carlos; Cadena G., Alberto; Shigehara, Nobuo (1991), "A New Miocene Molossid Bat from La Venta, Colombia, South America" (PDF), Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of Geology and Mineralogy, 56: 1–9, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Tejedor, Marcelo F (2013), "Sistemática, evolución y paleobiogeografía de los primates Platyrrhini" (PDF), Revista del Museo de La Plata, 20: 20–39, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Vallejo Pareja, M.C.; Carrillo, J.D.; Moreno Bernal, J.W.; Pardo Jaramillo, M.; Rodríguez González, D.F.; Muñoz Duran, J. (2015), "Hilarcotherium castanedaii, gen. et sp. nov., a new Miocene astrapothere (Mammalia, Astrapotheriidae) from the Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia" (PDF), Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich, 35 (2): e903960, Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E3960V, doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.903960, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Villarroel A., Carlos S (2000), "Un nuevo Mylodontinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) en la Fauna de La Venta, Mioceno de Colombia: el estado actual de la Familia Orophodontidae" (PDF), Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, 24: 117–127, retrieved 2017-05-04 Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine
  • Villarroel A., Carlos S (1997), "La Estructura de la Dentición Caduca de Huilatherium pluriplicatum, Leontiniidae (Notoungulata) del Mioceno de Colombia", Geología Colombiana, 22: 139–149, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Villarroel A., Carlos; Setoguchi, Takeshi; Brieva, Jorge; Macia, Carlos (1996), "Geology of the La Tatacoa "Desert" (Huila, Colombia): Precisions on the Stratigraphy of the Honda Group, the Evolution of the "Pata High" and the Presence of the La Venta Fauna" (PDF), Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of Geology and Mineralogy, 58: 41–66, retrieved 2017-05-04
  • Wheeler, Brandon (2010), "Community ecology of the Middle Miocene primates of La Venta, Colombia: the relationship between ecological diversity, divergence time, and phylogenetic richness", Primates, 51 (2): 131–138, doi:10.1007/s10329-009-0181-y, PMID 20037832
Los Hoyos beds
  • Villaroel A., Carlos; Brieva B., Jorge; Cadena, Alberto (1989), "Descubrimiento de mamíferos fósiles de edad Lujanense (Pleistoceno tardío) en el "Desierto" de la Tatacoa (Huila, Colombia)" (PDF), Caldasia, 16: 119–125, retrieved 2019-02-12
Mugrosa Formation
  • Gómez, Luis Alfonso; Patiño, Alejandro; Renzoni, Giancarlo; Beltrán, Alejandro; Quintero, Claudia; Manrique, Martín (2008), Geología de la Plancha 119 Barrancabermeja - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–105
Rotinet Formation
  • Páramo Fonseca, María Euridice; Escobar Quemba, Ingrid Carolina (2010), "Restos mandibulares de mastodonte encontrados en cercanías de Cartagena, Colombia" (PDF), Geología Colombiana, 35: 50–57, retrieved 2019-02-12 Archived 2017-08-06 at the Wayback Machine
Sincelejo Formation
  • Villarroel A., Carlos; Clavijo, Javier (2023), "Los mamíferos fósiles y las edades de las sedimentitas continentales del Neógeno de la Costa Caribe Colombiana" (PDF), Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, 29 (112): 345–356, doi:10.18257/raccefyn.29(112).2005.2169, retrieved 2019-02-04

Ecuador

Biblián Formation
  • Veintimilla González, Liliana Alexandra (2015), Solución geológica, geotécnica, hidrológica, hidráulica y estructural de la alcantarilla que sirve a la autopista Cuenca-Azogues, Abscisa km. 4+667 (thesis) (PDF), Universidad de Cuenca, pp. 1–111, retrieved 2018-09-11
Dos Bocas Formation
  • Lorenzo, Erica; Roca Beltrán, Wladimir Andrés; Martínez, Manuel; Morato, Antonio; Escandón Panchana, Paulo César; Álvarez Domínguez, Cristian Paul (2018), "Correlación geoquímica entre crudos y rocas del sistema petrolero de la península de Santa Elena y el golfo de Guayaquil" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, 40: 31–42, doi:10.18273/revbol.v40n1-2018002, retrieved 2018-10-01
  • Tanaka, Yoshihiro; Abella, Juan; Aguirre Fernández, Gabriel; Gregori, María; Fordyce, R. Ewan (2017), "A new tropical Oligocene dolphin from Montañita/Olón, Santa Elena, Ecuador", PLoS ONE, 12 (12): e0188380, Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1288380T, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188380, PMC 5737981, PMID 29261688
Letrero Formation
  • Romero Carrasco, Ana Iveth (2017), Marcas de herbivoría en hojas fósiles de las cuencas miocénicas del sur del Ecuador (BSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad Central del Ecuador, pp. 1–39, retrieved 2017-10-26
Onzole Formation
  • Ramírez Parrales, María Fernanda (2013), Registros de la deformación y del volcanismo en el dominio del antearco ecuatoriano: sedimentología y bioestratigrafía de la Formación Borbón (thesis) (PDF), Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, pp. 1–202, retrieved 2018-09-12
Seca Formation
  • Lorenzo, Erica (2018), "Correlación geoquímica entre crudos y rocas del sistema petrolero de la península de Santa Elena y el golfo de Guayaquil" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, 40: 31–42, doi:10.18273/revbol.v40n1-2018002, retrieved 2018-09-11

Paraguay

Chaco Formation
  • Filí, M.F (2001), "Síntesis Geológica e Hidrogeológica del noroeste de la provincia de Entre Ríos - República Argentina" (PDF), Boletín Geológico y Minero, 112: 25–36, retrieved 2018-09-03
  • Various, Authors (1986), Mapa Geológico del Paraguay - Proyecto PAR 86 - Escala 1:1,000,000 - Texto explicativo (PDF), _, pp. 1–62, retrieved 2018-09-03

Peru

Peruvian Amazon
  • Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Abello, M. Alejandra; Adnet, Sylvain; Altamirano Sierra, Ali J.; Baby, Patrice; Billet, Guillaume; Boivin, Myriam; Calderón, Ysabel; Candela, Jules Chabain, Fernando Corfu, Darin A. Croft, Morgan Ganerød, Carlos Jaramillo, Sebastian Klaus, Laurent Marivaux, Rosa E. Navarrete, Maëva J. Orliac, Francisco Parra, María Encarnación Pérez, François Pujos, Jean-Claude Rage, Anthony Ravel, Céline Robinet, Martin Roddaz, Julia Victoria Tejada Lara, Jorge Vélez Juarbe, Frank P. Wesselingh, Rodolfo Salas Gismondi, Adriana (2016), "A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru", Gondwana Research, 31: 30–59, Bibcode:2016GondR..31...30A, doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.11.001, retrieved 2017-08-15{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Castro Medina, Walter Fidel (2010), Geología, informe temático. Proyecto Zonificación Ecológica y Económica del departamento de Amazonas (PDF), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), pp. 1–76, retrieved 2018-09-04
Sechura Basin
  • Córdova Aguilar, Arturo (2009), Proyecto: "desarrollo de capacidades para una propuesta de zoneamiento ecológico económica (ZEE) para el ordenamiento territorial del Departamento de Piura" - área: Geología y potencial de recursos mineros (PDF), Ministry of Environment, Peru, pp. 1–83, retrieved 2018-09-11
Chambira Formation
  • Boivin, Myriam; Marivaux, Laurent; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2019), "New insight from the Paleogene record of Amazonia into the early diversification of Caviomorpha (Hystricognathi, Rodentia): phylogenetic, macroevolutionary, and paleobiogeographic implications", Geodiversitas, 41 (4): 143–245, doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a4, retrieved 2019-02-28
  • Boivin, Myriam; Marivaux, Laurent; Candela, Adriana M.; Orliac, Maëva J.; Pujos, François; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo; Tejada Lara, Julia V.; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2016), "Late Oligocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia", Papers in Palaeontology, 3 (1): 69–109, doi:10.1002/spp2.1068, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Marivaux, Laurent; Adnet, Sylvain; Altamirano Sierra, Ali J.; Boivin, Myriam; Pujos, François; Ramdarshan, Anusha; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo; Tejada, Julia; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2016), "Neotropics provide insights into the emergence of New World monkeys: New dental evidence from the late Oligocene of Peruvian Amazonia", Journal of Human Evolution, 97: 159–175, Bibcode:2016JHumE..97..159M, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.05.011, PMID 27457552, retrieved 2019-02-04
Chilcatay Formation
  • Bianucci, Giovanni; Bosio, Giulia; Malinverno, Elisa; De Muizon, Christian; Villa, Igor M.; Urbina, Mario; Lambert, Olivier (2018), "A new large squalodelphinid (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from Peru sheds light on the Early Miocene platanistoid disparity and ecology", Royal Society Open Science, 5 (4): 172302, Bibcode:2018RSOS....572302B, doi:10.1098/rsos.172302, PMC 5936943, PMID 29765678
  • De la Cruz, Aldo Alván (2008), "Geología de Ocucaje: aportes en la sedimentología y paleontología de Lomas de Ullujaya (Ica, Perú)" (PDF), Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG, 11: 51–59, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Lambert, Olivier; De Muizon, Christian; Malinverno, Elisa; Di Celma, Claudio; Urbina, Mario; Bianucci, Giovanni (2017), "A new odontocete (toothed cetacean) from the Early Miocene of Peru expands the morphological disparity of extinct heterodont dolphins", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 16 (12): 981–1016, doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1359689, hdl:11568/891482, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Lambert, Olivier; Bianucci, Giovanni; Urbina, Mario (2014), "Huaridelphis raimondii, a new early Miocene Squalodelphinidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Chilcatay Formation, Peru", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34 (5): 987–1004, Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..987L, doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.858050, retrieved 2019-02-12
Chota Formation
  • Chacaltana, César; Benites Cañote, Alexandra Lucytania; Valdivia, Waldir; Chumpitaz, Marco (2014), La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico, Congreso Peruano de Geología, pp. 1–4, retrieved 2017-08-15
Iñapari Formation
  • Frailey, Carl D (1986), "Late Miocene and Holocene mammals, exclusive of the Notoungulata, of the Rio Acre Region, western Amazonia" (PDF), Contributions in Science, 374: 1–46, doi:10.5962/p.208117, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • De Iullis, Gerardo; Gaudin, Timothy J.; Vicars, Matthew J. (2011), "A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the Late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru", Palaeontology, 54 (1): 171–205, Bibcode:2011Palgy..54..171D, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01001.x
Madre de Dios Formation
  • Frailey, Carl David; Campbell Jr., Kenneth E. (2012), "Two New Genera of Peccaries (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Tayassuidae) from Upper Miocene Deposits of the Amazon Basin", Journal of Paleontology, 86 (5): 852–877, Bibcode:2012JPal...86..852F, doi:10.1666/12-012.1, retrieved 2019-02-15
  • Prothero, Donald R.; Campbell, Jr, Kenneth E.; Beatty, Brian L.; Frailey, Carl D. (2014), "New late Miocene dromomerycine artiodactyl from the Amazon Basin: implications for interchange dynamics", Journal of Paleontology, 88 (3): 434–443, doi:10.1666/13-022, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Romero P., Lidia; Morales R., María del Carmen; Carpio R, Mario (1998), Geología de los cuadrángulos de Río Acre 22-v, Iñapari 22-x, Qda. Mala 23-v, Iberia 23-x, San Lorenzo 23-y, Puerto Lidia 24-v, Río Manuripe 24-x, Mavila 24-y, Santa María 24-z, Valencia 25-z, Palma Real 26-z y Río Heath 27-z (PDF), INGEMMET, pp. 1–201, retrieved 2019-02-12
Mogollón Formation
  • Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Billet, Guillaume; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo; Tejada Lara, Julia; Baby, Patrice; Brusset, Stéphane; Espurt, Nicolas (2015), "A New Carodnia Simpson, 1935 (Mammalia, Xenungulata) from the Early Eocene of Northwestern Peru and a Phylogeny of Xenungulates at Species Level", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 22 (2): 129–140, doi:10.1007/s10914-014-9278-1, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Quispe Alcalá, David Ricardo (2010), Evaluación Geológica de la Formación Mogollón en el Yacimiento Leones – Cuenca Talara (MSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, pp. 1–87, retrieved 2017-10-18 Archived 2021-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
Moquegua Formation
  • Alván, Aldo; Ramírez, Katerin; von Eynatten, Hilmar; Dunkl, István; Jacay, Javier; Bertone, Gabriela (2017), "Evolución Geológica de las Cuencas de Antearco del Sur de Perú (Moquegua y Camaná-Mollendo): Proveniencia Sedimentaria y Análisis de Facies en Rocas Cenozoicas", Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú, 112: 53–77, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Shockey, Bruce J.; Billet, Guillaume; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo (2016), "A new species of Trachytherus (Notoungulata: Mesotheriidae) from the late Oligocene (Deseadan) of Southern Peru and the middle latitude diversification of early diverging mesotheriids", Zootaxa, 4111 (5): 565–583, doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4111.5.3, PMID 27395103, retrieved 2019-02-12
Muñani Formation
  • Gelfo, Javier N.; Sigé, Bernard (2011), "A new didolodontid mammal from the late Paleocene–earliest Eocene of Laguna Umayo, Peru" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 56 (4): 665–678, doi:10.4202/app.2010.0067, retrieved 2017-08-15
Paracas Formation
  • Clarke, Julia A.; Ksepka, Daniel T.; Stucchi, Marcelo; Urbina, Mario; Giannini, Norberto; Bertelli, Sara; Narváez, Yanina; Boyd, Clint A. (2007), "Paleogene equatorial penguins challenge the proposed relationship between penguin biogeography, body size evolution, and Cenozoic climate change", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104 (28): 11545–11550, doi:10.1073/pnas.0611099104, PMC 1913862, PMID 17601778, retrieved 2017-08-15
Pisco Formation
  • Altamirano Sierra, Alí J (2013), "Primer registro de pelicano (Aves: Pelecanidae) para el Mioceno tardio de la formacion Pisco, Peru" (PDF), Bulletin de l'Institut français d'études andines, 42: 1–12, retrieved 2017-09-04
  • Báez Gómez, Diego A (2006), "Estudio paleoambiental de la formación Pisco:: Localidad Ocucaje" (PDF), Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG, 9: 64–69, retrieved 2017-09-04
  • Bianucci, Giovanni; Di Celma, Claudio; Urbina, Mario; Lambert, Olivier (2016), "New beaked whales from the late Miocene of Peru and evidence for convergent evolution in stem and crown Ziphiidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti)" (PDF), PeerJ, 4: e2479, doi:10.7717/peerj.2479, PMC 5036081, PMID 27688973, retrieved 2019-02-12 Archived 2020-02-21 at the Wayback Machine
  • Brand, Leonard; Urbina, Mario; Chadwick, Arthur; DeVries, Thomas J.; Esperante, Raul (2011), "A high resolution stratigraphic framework for the remarkable fossil cetacean assemblage of the Miocene/Pliocene Pisco Formation, Peru", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 31 (4): 414–425, Bibcode:2011JSAES..31..414B, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2011.02.015
  • Collareta, Alberto; Lambert, Olivier; De Muizon, Christian; Urbina, Mario; Bianucci, Giovanni (2017), "Koristocetus pescei gen. et sp. nov., a diminutive sperm whale (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae) from the late Miocene of Peru", Fossil Record, 20 (2): 259–278, Bibcode:2017FossR..20..259C, doi:10.5194/fr-20-259-2017, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Lambert, Olivier; Bianucci, Giovanni; Urbina, Mario; Geisler, Jonathan H. (2017), "A new inioid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinida) from the Miocene of Peru and the origin of modern dolphin and porpoise families", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 179 (4): 919–946
  • Marx, Felix G.; Lambert, Olivier; De Muizon, Christian (2017), "A new Miocene baleen whale from Peru deciphers the dawn of cetotheriids", Royal Society Open Science, 4 (9): 170560, Bibcode:2017RSOS....470560M, doi:10.1098/rsos.170560, PMC 5627101, PMID 28989761, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Marx, Felix G.; Kohno, Naoki (2016), "A new Miocene baleen whale from the Peruvian desert", Royal Society Open Science, 3 (10): 160542, Bibcode:2016RSOS....360542M, doi:10.1098/rsos.160542, PMC 5098998, PMID 27853573, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Poma Porras, Orlando; Horna Santillán, Edgard; Esperante, Raúl (2009), "Baleen Fósil (Cetacea: mysticeti) en Sedimentos de la Cuenca Marina del Neógeno en la Formación Pisco, al Sur del Perú" (PDF), Revista de Investigación Universitaria, 1: 84–97, retrieved 2017-09-04 Archived 2017-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
  • Ramassamy, Benjamin; Lambert, Olivier; Collareta, Alberto; Urbina, Mario; Bianucci, Giovanni (2018), "Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities" (PDF), Fossil Record, 21 (1): 11–32, Bibcode:2018FossR..21...11R, doi:10.5194/fr-21-11-2018, retrieved 2019-02-11
  • Solís Mundaca, Flavio Alejandro (2018), Bioestratigrafía e implicancias paleoceanográficas de las diatomeas de la sección Cerro Caucato, Formación Pisco, Ica, Peru (MSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, pp. 1–158, retrieved 2018-09-10 Archived 2018-09-11 at the Wayback Machine
  • Stucchi, Marcelo; Emslie, Steven D.; Varas Malca, Rafael M.; Urbina Schmitt, Mario (2015a), "A new late Miocene condor (Aves, Cathartidae) from Peru and the origin of South American condors", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35 (5): e972507, Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E2507S, doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.972507, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Stucchi, Marcelo; Varas Malca, Rafael M.; Urbina Schmitt, Mario (2015b), "New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean" (PDF), Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 61 (2): 417–427, retrieved 2019-02-13
  • Stucchi, M (2007), "Los pingüinos de la Formación Pisco (Neógeno), Perú" (PDF), 4th European Meeting on the Palaeontology and Stratigraphy of Latin America, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 8: 367–373, retrieved 2017-09-04
Pozo Formation
  • Antoine, P.O.; Marivaux, L.; Croft, D.A.; Billet, G.; Ganerod, M.; Jaramillo, C.; Martin, T.; Orliac, M.; Tejada, A. J. Altamirano, F. Duranthon, G. Fanjat, S. Rousse and R. Salas Gismondi, J. (2011), "Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography", Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 279 (1732): 1319–1326, doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1732, PMC 3282368, PMID 21993503, retrieved 2019-02-14{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Boivin, Myriam; Marivaux, Laurent; Orliac, Maëva J.; Pujos, François; Salas Gismondi, Rodolfo; Tejada Lara, Julia V.; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier (2017), "Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia", Palaeontologia Electronica, 20 (1): Article number 20.1.19A, retrieved 2019-02-12
Soncco Formation
  • Carlotto, Víctor (2016), Dataciones por trazas de fisión en los depósitos continentales terciarios de la Región de Cusco, XIII Congreso Peruano de Geología, pp. 521–524, retrieved 2017-08-15
Yahuarango Formation
  • Bond, Mariano; Tejedor, Marcelo F.; Campbell Jr., Kenneth E.; Chornogubsky, Laura; Novo, Nelson; Goin, Francisco (2015), "Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys", Nature, 520 (7548): 538–546, Bibcode:2015Natur.520..538B, doi:10.1038/nature14120, retrieved 2017-09-24
  • Campbell, K.E.; Frailey, C.D.; Romero Pittman, L. (2004), "The Paleogene Santa Rosa Local Fauna of Amazonian Perú: Geographic and Geologic Setting" (PDF), Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series, 40: 1–164, retrieved 2019-02-15
  • Ciancio, Martín Ricardo; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Campbell, Kenneth E.; Scillato Yané, Gustavo J. (2013), "New Palaeogene cingulates (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from Santa Rosa, Perú and their importance in the context of South American faunas", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 11 (6): 727–741, Bibcode:2013JSPal..11..727C, doi:10.1080/14772019.2012.704949, hdl:11336/23283, retrieved 2019-02-15
Yumaque Formation
  • Lambert, O.; Martínez Cáceres, M.; Bianucci, G.; Di Celma, C.; Salas Gismondi, R.; Steurbaut, E.; Urbina, Mario; de Muizon, C. (2017), "Earliest Mysticete from the Late Eocene of Peru Sheds New Light on the Origin of Baleen Whales", Current Biology, 27 (10): 1–7, Bibcode:2017CBio...27E1535L, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.026, PMID 28502655, retrieved 2019-02-04

Uruguay

Pleistocene
Camacho Formation
  • Fernicola, Juan C.; Rinderknecht, Andrés; Jones, Washington; Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Propino, Kleberson (2018), "A new species of Neoglyptatelus (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the late Miocene of Uruguay provides new insights on the evolution of the dorsal armor in cingulates", Ameghiniana, 55 (3): 233–252, doi:10.5710/AMGH.02.12.2017.3150, hdl:11336/96801, retrieved 2018-10-01
  • Rinderknecht, Andrés (2011), Estudio sobre los roedores gigantes del Uruguay, Departamento de San José (Mioceno tardío-Pliocene) y sus implicancias para la sistemática y taxonomía de la familia Dinomyidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) (PDF), Universidad de la República, pp. 1–101, retrieved 2018-10-01
  • Verde, Mariano (2002), Icnología de la formación Camacho (Mioceno tardío) del Uruguay (MSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad de la República, pp. 1–125, retrieved 2017-08-15
Dolores Formation
  • Alberdi, María Teresa; Prado, José Luis; Perea, Daniel; Ubilla, Martín (2007), "Stegomastodon waringi (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from the Late Pleistocene of northeastern Uruguay", Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 243 (2): 179–189, doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0243-0179, retrieved 2017-05-07
  • Alvarenga, Herculano; Jones, Washington; Rinderknecht, Andrés (2010), "The youngest record of phorusrhacid birds (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) from the late Pleistocene of Uruguay" (PDF), Neues Jahrbuch der Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen, 256 (2): 229–234, doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0052, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • Gutiérrez, Mercedes; Prado, José Luis; Perea, Daniel; Ubilla, Martín (2005), "Late Pleistocene Stegomastodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from Uruguay", Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte, 2005 (11): 641–662, doi:10.1127/njgpm/2005/2005/641, retrieved 2017-05-07
Fray Bentos Formation
  • Bond, Mariano; López, Guillermo; Reguero, Marcelo A.; Scillato Yané, Gustavo J.; Vucetich, María G. (1998), "Los mamíferos de la Formación Fray Bentos (Edad mamífero Deseadense, Oligoceno Superior) de las provincias de Corrientes y Entre Ríos, Argentina", Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. Publicación Especial, 5: 41–50, retrieved 2018-09-12
  • Tófalo, Ofelia Rita; Morrás, Héctor J.M. (2009), "Evidencias paleoclimáticas en duricostras, paleosuelos y sedimentitas silicoclásticas, del Cenozoico de Uruguay" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina: 674–686, retrieved 2018-09-12
Raigón Formation
  • Tófalo, Ofelia Rita; Morrás, Héctor J.M. (2009), "Evidencias paleoclimáticas en duricostras, paleosuelos y sedimentitas silicoclásticas, del Cenozoico de Uruguay" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina: 674–686, retrieved 2018-09-12
San José Formation
  • Rinderknecht, Andrés; Noriega, Jorge Ignacio (2002), "A new genus of Anhingidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) from the Pliocene-Pleistocene of Uruguay (San José Formation)", Ameghiniana, 39: 183–191, retrieved 2019-02-12
Sopas Formation
  • Corona, Andrea; Ubilla, Martín; Perea, Daniel (2019), "New records and diet reconstruction using dental microwear analysis for Neolicaphrium recens Frenguelli, 1921 (Litopterna, Proterotheriidae)", Andean Geology, 46: 153–167, doi:10.5027/andgeoV46n1-3136, retrieved 2019-02-28

Venezuela

Chaguaramas Formation
  • Horovitz, Inés; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2012), El Registro Fósil del Cenozoico (PDF), Venezuela Paleontológica: Evolución de la diversidad en el pasado, pp. 133–156, retrieved 2017-10-21
Parángula Formation
  • Paolillo, Alfredo; Linares, Omar J. (2007), "Nuevos cocodrilos Sebecosuchia del Cenozoico suramericano (Mesosuchia: Crocodylia)" (PDF), Paleobiología Neotropical, 03: 1–25, retrieved 2017-08-15
Falcón Basin
Cantaure & Paraguaná Formations
  • Mendi, David; Rodríguez, Eliana (2005), Integración geológica de la Península de Paraguaná, Estado Falcón (MSc thesis), Universidad Central de Venezuela, pp. 1–184, retrieved 2017-10-26
Capadare Formation
  • Ferreira, Gabriel S.; Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; Langer, Max C. (2015), "The last marine pelomedusoids (Testudines: Pleurodira): a new species of Bairdemys and the paleoecology of Stereogenyina" (PDF), PeerJ, 3: e1063, doi:10.7717/peerj.1063, PMC 4493680, PMID 26157628, retrieved 2019-02-13 Archived 2017-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
  • Penín Cendón, José Antonio; Villarroel Estaba, Vanessa Ilia (2005), Integracrón y actualización geológica del área de Jacura y Capadare, Estado Falcón (PDF), Universidad Central de Venezuela, pp. 1–199, retrieved 2017-08-15
Castillo Formation
  • Johnson, Kenneth G.; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R.; Aguilera, Órangel A. (2009), "The Oligocene-Miocene transition on coral reefs in the Falcón Basin (NW Venezuela)", PALAIOS, 24 (1): 59–69, Bibcode:2009Palai..24...59J, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.617.9079, doi:10.2110/palo.2008.p08-004r, retrieved 2017-08-15
  • Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; McDonald, H. Gregory; Núñez Flores, Mónica (2017), "Baraguatherium takumara, gen. et sp. nov., the earliest mylodontoid sloth (early Miocene) from northern South America", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 24 (2): 179–191, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9328-y, retrieved 2019-02-12
  • Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; Benammi, Mouloud; Vignaud, Patrick; McDonald, H. Gregory (2014), "Chronology and geology of an Early Miocene mammalian assemblage in North of South America, from Cerro La Cruz (Castillo Formation), Lara State, Venezuela: implications in the 'changing course of Orinoco River' hypothesis" (PDF), Andean Geology, 41: 507–528, retrieved 2018-09-07
  • Solórzano, Andrés; Rincón, Ascanio D.; Cidade, Giovanne M.; Núñez Flores, Mónica; Sánchez, Leonardo (2019), "Lower Miocene alligatoroids (Crocodylia) from the Castillo Formation, northwest of Venezuela" (PDF), Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 99 (2): 241–259, Bibcode:2019PdPe...99..241S, doi:10.1007/s12549-018-0332-5, retrieved 2018-09-07
  • Urbani, Franco; Mendi, David (2010), "Notas sobre la discordancia del margen sur de la cuenca Oligo-Miocena de Falcón estados Lara, Falcón y Yaracuy, Venezuela", Boletín de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales, LXX: 9–25, retrieved 2017-08-15
Mesa Formation
  • Granadino A., Maybelle N (2012), Evaluación hidrogeológica-geofísica de las formaciones Mesa y Las Piedras aflorantes en Santa Clara, Estado Anzoátegui (BS thesis) (PDF), Universidad Central de Venezuela, pp. 1–126, retrieved 2019-02-12
Río Yuca Formation
  • Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; Macsotay, Oliver; McDonald, H. Gregory; Nüñez Flores, Mónica (2016), "A new Miocene vertebrate assemblage from the Río Yuca Formation (Venezuela) and the northernmost record of typical Miocene mammals of high latitude (Patagonian) affinities in South America", Geobios, 757 (5): 1–35, Bibcode:2016Geobi..49..395R, doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2016.06.005, retrieved 2019-02-12
San Gregorio Formation
  • Carlini, Alfredo A.; Brandoni, Diego; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2018), "A new Megatheriinae skull (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the Pliocene of Northern Venezuela – implications for a giant sloth dispersal to Central and North America", Palaeontologia Electronica, 21 (2): Article number, doi:10.26879/771, retrieved 2019-02-11
  • Castro, Mariela C.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2014), "A new Dasypodini armadillo (Xenarthra: Cingulata) from San Gregorio Formation, Pliocene of Venezuela: affinities and biogeographic interpretations", Naturwissenschaften, . (2): 1–10, Bibcode:2014NW....101...77C, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.721.1471, doi:10.1007/s00114-013-1131-5, PMID 24414134, retrieved 2017-08-15
Santa Inés Formation
  • Simpson, George Gaylord (1947), "A Miocene glyptodont from Venezuela", American Museum Novitates (1368): 1–10, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.866.6506, retrieved 2018-10-01
Urumaco, Socorro & Codore Formations
  • Carrillo Briceño, Jorge D.; Maxwell, Erin; Aguilera, Órangel A.; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R. (2015), "Sawfishes and Other Elasmobranch Assemblages from the Mio-Pliocene of the South Caribbean (Urumaco Sequence, Northwestern Venezuela)", PLoS ONE, 10 (10): e0139230, Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1039230C, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139230, PMC 4619466, PMID 26488163
  • Linares, Omar J (2004), "Bioestratigrafía de la fauna de mamíferos de las formaciones Socorro, Urumaco y Codore (Mioceno Medio-Plioceno Temprano) de la región de Urumaco, Falcón, Venezuela" (PDF), Paleobiología Neotropical, 1: 1–26, retrieved 2017-08-15 Archived 2017-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
  • Quijano Ballesteros, Jhon Richard (2005), Estudio magnetoestratigráfico en la sección de El Mamón (miembro medio de la Formación Urumaco, Estado Falcón) (MSc. thesis) (PDF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, pp. 1–92, retrieved 2017-10-27 Archived 2018-04-09 at the Wayback Machine
  • Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; McDonald, H. Gregory; Montellano Ballesteros, Marisol (2018), "Two new megalonychid sloths (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from the Urumaco Formation (late Miocene), and their phylogenetic affinities", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 17 (5): 409–421, doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1427639, retrieved 2019-02-11
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Further reading

  • {{citation |last1=Prado |first1=José Luis |last2=Alberdi |first2=María Teresa |year=2017 |title=Fossil Horses of South America: Phylogeny, Systemics and Ecology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MVq-DgAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer |isbn=9783319558776 |pages=1–150 |bibcode=2017fhsa.book.....P |accessdate=2017-10-21}}
  • {{citation |last=Croft |first=Darin A |year=2016 |title=Horned Armadillos and Rafting Monkeys: The Fascinating Fossil Mammals of South America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NOBpDAAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Indiana University|Indiana University Press |isbn=9780253020949 |pages=1–320 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}
  • {{citation |last1=Fariña |first1=Richard A. |last2=Vizcaíno |first2=Sergio F. |last3=De Iuliis |first3=Gerry |year=2013 |title=Megafauna: Giant Beasts of Pleistocene South America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUAKgNfiAvoC |publisher=[[Indiana University|Indiana University Press |isbn=9780253007193 |pages=1–448 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}
  • {{citation |last1=Fleagle |first1=John G. |last2=Rosenberger |first2=Alfred L. |year=2013 |title=The Platyrrhine Fossil Record |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_B3gBAAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Elsevier |isbn=9781483267074 |pages=1–256 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}
  • {{citation |last1=Tambussi |first1=Claudia P. |last2=Degrange |first2=Federico |year=2012 |title=South American and Antarctic Continental Cenozoic Birds: Paleobiogeographic Affinities and Disparities |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQZAAAAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer |isbn=9789400754676 |pages=1–113 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}
  • {{citation |last1=Vizcaíno |first1=Sergio F. |last2=Kay |first2=Richard F. |last3=Bargo |first3=Susana |year=2012 |title=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Ce0uINITb4C |publisher=[[Cambridge University|Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521194617 |pages=1–370 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}
  • {{citation |last=Madden |first=Richard H |year=2010 |title=The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and Environmental Change Through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oY7wkK6lV4cC |publisher=[[Cambridge University|Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521872416 |pages=1–448 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}
  • {{citation |last1=Sánchez Villagra |first1=Marcelo R. |last2=Aguilera |first2=Órangel A. |last3=Carlini |first3=Alfredo A. |year=2010 |title=Urumaco and Venezuelan Paleontology: The Fossil Record of the Northern Neotropics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XREztRHCpfUC |publisher=[[Indiana University|Indiana University Press |isbn=9780253002006 |pages=1–304 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}
  • Croft, Darin A.; Flynn, John J.; Wyss, André R. (2004), "Notoungulata and Litopterna of the Early Miocene Chucal Fauna, Northern Chile" (PDF), Fieldiana Geology, 50: 1–52, retrieved 2018-09-29
  • Hartwig, W.C.; Meldrum, D.J. (2002), The Primate Fossil Record - Miocene platyrrhines of the northern Neotropics, Cambridge University Press, pp. 175–188, ISBN 978-0-521-08141-2, retrieved 2017-09-24
  • {{citation |last1=Kay |first1=Richard F. |last2=Madden |first2=Richard H. |last3=Flynn |first3=John J. |last4=Cifelli |first4=Richard L. |year=1997 |title=Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jODesgEACAAJ |publisher=[[Smithsonian|Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press |isbn=9781935623854 |pages=1–608 |accessdate=2017-10-21}}
  • Simpson, George Gaylord (1996), Splendid Isolation: The Curious History of South American Mammals, UMI, pp. 1–275, ISBN 9780783733111, retrieved 2017-10-21
  • Pascual, Rosendo; Ortega Hinjosoa, Enrique J.; Gondar, Dolores; Tonni, Eduardo (1965), "Las edades del Cenozoico mamalífero de la Argentina, con especial atención a aquellas del territorio bonaerense" (PDF), Anales C.I.C., _: 165–193, retrieved 2018-09-10
  • v
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South American land mammal ages
Ages
South American land mammal age is located in South America
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
South American land mammal age
Defining
formations
and sites
Quaternary
  • Luján Formation
  • Ensenada Formation
  • Uquía Formation
Neogene
Paleogene
Sources
  • Bibliography
Category • Images